KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:tmu00010 tmu01200 tmu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:tmu00010 tmu01200 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:tmu00010 tmu00020 tmu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:tmu00010 tmu00020 tmu00620 tmu00785 tmu01200 tmu01210 tmu01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:tmu00020 tmu01200 tmu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:tmu00020 tmu01200 tmu01210 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:tmu00020 tmu01200 tmu01210 tmu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:tmu00030 tmu01200 tmu01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:tmu00030 tmu01200 tmu01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:tmu00030 tmu01200 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:tmu00030 tmu00230 tmu01200 tmu01230 tmu01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:tmu00040 tmu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:tmu00052 tmu01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:tmu00040 tmu00053 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:tmu00500 tmu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:tmu00500 tmu01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:tmu00520 tmu01250 tmu01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:tmu00520 tmu00052 tmu01250 tmu01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:tmu00520 tmu01250 tmu01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:tmu00280 tmu00630 tmu00640 tmu01200 tmu01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:tmu00562 tmu01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:tmu00562 tmu01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:tmu00562 tmu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:tmu00430 tmu00620 tmu01200 tmu01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:tmu00190 tmu01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:tmu00190 tmu01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:tmu00190 tmu01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:tmu00190 tmu01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:tmu00190 tmu01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:tmu00061 tmu01212 tmu01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:tmu00061 tmu01212 tmu01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:tmu00061 tmu01212 tmu01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:tmu00062 tmu01212 tmu01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:tmu00062 tmu01040 tmu01212 tmu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:tmu00061 tmu00071 tmu01212 tmu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:tmu00071 tmu01212 tmu01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:tmu01040 tmu01212 tmu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:tmu00100 tmu01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:tmu00100 tmu01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:tmu00120 tmu01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:tmu00120 tmu01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:tmu00140 tmu01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:tmu00140 tmu01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:tmu00140 tmu01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:tmu00140 tmu01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:tmu00140 tmu01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:tmu00561 tmu01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:tmu00561 tmu01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:tmu00564 tmu01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:tmu00564 tmu01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:tmu00564 tmu01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:tmu00600 tmu01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:tmu00600 tmu01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:tmu00600 tmu00565 tmu01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:tmu00600 tmu01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:tmu00600 tmu01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:tmu00230 tmu01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:tmu00230 tmu01232 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:tmu00230 tmu01232 tmu01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:tmu00230 tmu00240 tmu01232 tmu01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:tmu00230 tmu01232 tmu01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:tmu00230 tmu01232 tmu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:tmu00240 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:tmu00240 tmu01232 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:tmu00240 tmu01232 tmu01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:tmu00240 tmu00410 tmu00770 tmu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:tmu00260 tmu01200 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:tmu00260 tmu00630 tmu00785 tmu01200 tmu01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:tmu00260 tmu01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:tmu00260 tmu01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:tmu00270 tmu00920 tmu01200 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:tmu00260 tmu00270 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:tmu00270 tmu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:tmu00270 tmu01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:tmu00290 tmu00770 tmu01210 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:tmu00290 tmu01210 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:tmu00280 tmu01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:tmu00310 tmu01210 tmu01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:tmu00220 tmu01210 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:tmu00220 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:tmu00220 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:tmu00330 tmu01230 tmu01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:tmu00330 tmu01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:tmu00330 tmu01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:tmu00330 tmu00260 tmu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:tmu00330 tmu01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:tmu00330 tmu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:tmu00340 tmu01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:tmu00350 tmu01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:tmu00350 tmu01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:tmu00350 tmu01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:tmu00380 tmu01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:tmu00250 tmu00650 tmu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:tmu00480 tmu01240 tmu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:tmu00510 tmu01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:tmu00510 tmu01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:tmu00510 tmu01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:tmu00512 tmu01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:tmu00515 tmu01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:tmu00563 tmu01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:tmu00601 tmu01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:tmu00601 tmu01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:tmu00603 tmu01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:tmu00604 tmu01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:tmu00532 tmu00534 tmu01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:tmu00532 tmu01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:tmu00534 tmu01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:tmu00531 tmu01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:tmu00531 tmu01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:tmu00531 tmu01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:tmu00531 tmu01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:tmu01250 tmu01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:tmu01250 tmu01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:tmu00730 tmu01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:tmu00750 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:tmu00760 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:tmu00380 tmu00760 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:tmu00770 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:tmu00780 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:tmu00780 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:tmu00785 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:tmu00785 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:tmu00790 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:tmu00790 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:tmu00670 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:tmu00670 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:tmu00860 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00847 Heme biosynthesis, archaea, siroheme => heme [PATH:tmu00860 tmu01240 tmu01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:tmu00130 tmu01240 tmu01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:tmu00900 tmu01100]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:tmu00900 tmu01100]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:tmu00900 tmu01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:tmu00900 tmu01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:tmu01250 tmu01100]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity