KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:yre00010 yre01200 yre01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:yre00010 yre01200 yre01230 yre01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:yre00010 yre00020 yre01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:yre00010 yre00020 yre00620 yre01200 yre01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:yre00020 yre01200 yre01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:yre00020 yre01200 yre01210 yre01230 yre01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:yre00020 yre01200 yre01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:yre00030 yre01200 yre01100 yre01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:yre00030 yre01200 yre01100 yre01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:yre00030 yre01200 yre01230 yre01100 yre01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:yre00030 yre00230 yre01200 yre01230 yre01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:yre00030 yre01200 yre01100 yre01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:yre00040 yre00030 yre01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:yre00040 yre00030 yre01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:yre00052 yre01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:yre00052 yre01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:yre00053 yre01100 yre01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:yre00500 yre01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:yre00500 yre01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:yre00520 yre01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:yre00520 yre00052 yre01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:yre00520 yre01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:yre00520 yre01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:yre00630 yre01200 yre01100 yre01110]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:yre00620 yre01200 yre01100 yre01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:yre00430 yre00620 yre01200 yre01100 yre01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:yre00910 yre01100 yre01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:yre00920 yre01100 yre01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:yre00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:yre00190]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:yre00190]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:yre00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:yre00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:yre00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:yre00061 yre01212 yre01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:yre00061 yre01212 yre01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:yre00061 yre00071 yre01212 yre01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:yre00071 yre01212 yre01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:yre00564 yre01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 Inosine monophosphate biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:yre00230 yre01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:yre00230 yre01240 yre01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:yre00230 yre01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 Uridine monophosphate biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:yre00240 yre01240 yre01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:yre00240 yre01240 yre01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:yre00260 yre00680 yre01200 yre01230 yre01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:yre00260 yre01230 yre01100 yre01110]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:yre00270 yre00920 yre01200 yre01230 yre01100 yre01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:yre00260 yre00270 yre01230 yre01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, apartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:yre00270 yre01230 yre01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:yre00290 yre00770 yre01210 yre01230 yre01100 yre01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:yre00290 yre01230 yre01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:yre00290 yre01210 yre01230 yre01100 yre01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:yre00300 yre01230 yre01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:yre00220 yre01210 yre01230 yre01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:yre00220 yre01230 yre01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:yre00330 yre01230 yre01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:yre00330 yre01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:yre00330 yre01100]
M00136 GABA biosynthesis, prokaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:yre00330 yre01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:yre00340 yre01230 yre01100 yre01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:yre00340 yre01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:yre00400 yre01230 yre01100 yre01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:yre00400 yre01230 yre01100 yre01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:yre00400 yre01230 yre01100 yre01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:yre00400 yre01230 yre01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:yre00350 yre01220 yre01100 yre01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:yre00480 yre01240 yre01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:yre00540 yre01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:yre00540 yre01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:yre00540 yre01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:yre00730 yre01240 yre01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:yre00730 yre01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:yre00740 yre01240 yre01100 yre01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:yre00750 yre01240 yre01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:yre00760 yre01240 yre01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:yre00770 yre01240 yre01100 yre01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:yre00770 yre01240 yre01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:yre00780 yre01240 yre01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:yre00780 yre01240 yre01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:yre00785 yre01240 yre01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:yre00790 yre00670 yre01240 yre01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:yre00790 yre01240 yre01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:yre00860 yre01240 yre01100 yre01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:yre00860 yre01240 yre01100 yre01110]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:yre00860 yre01240 yre01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:yre00860 yre01240 yre01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:yre00130 yre01240 yre01100 yre01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:yre00130 yre01240 yre01100 yre01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00918 Aerobactin biosynthesis, lysine => aerobactin [PATH:yre00997 yre01100 yre01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00878 Phenylacetate degradation, phenylaxetate => acetyl-CoA/succinyl-CoA [PATH:yre00360 yre01100 yre01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00696 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AcrEF-TolC

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation