| RM022 | Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, type 1 |
| RM023 | Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, type 2 |
| RM039 | Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, type 3 |
| RM042 | Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, type 4 |
| RC00017,RC00078 | Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation |
| RC00376,RC00408 | Isomerization |
| RC00159 | Condensation of PEP with hexose to form sialic acid |
| RC00002,RC00152 | Activated sugar formation |
| RM022 | ||||||||
| RC00017 | RC00408 | RC00002 | ||||||
| → | → | → | ||||||
| glucose | glucose-6P | glucose-1P | UDP-glucose | |||||
| RM023 | ||||||||
| RC00078 | RC00002 | |||||||
| → | → | |||||||
| galactose | galactose-1P | UDP-galactose | ||||||
| RM039 | ||||||||
| RC00376 | RC00408 | RC00002 | ||||||
| → | → | → | ||||||
| fructose-6P | mannose-6P | mannose-1P | GDP-mannose | |||||
| RM042 | ||||||||
| RC00159 | RC00017 | RC00152 | ||||||
| + | PEP | → | → | → | ||||
| ManNAc-6P | Neu5Ac-9P | Neu5Ac | CMP-Neu5Ac | |||||