Entry
Name
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase;
dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase;
dihydromyricetin reductase;
NADPH-dihydromyricetin reductase;
dihydroquercetin reductase;
DFR (gene name);
cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase;
dihydroflavanol 4-reductase (incorrect)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-OH group of donors;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
(2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
Reaction(IUBMB)
a (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin + NADP+ = a (2R,3R)-dihydroflavonol + NADPH + H+ [RN:
R11500 ]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
(2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin [CPD:
C21418 ];
NADP+ [CPD:
C00006 ]
Product
Comment
This plant enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, is known to act on (+)-dihydrokaempferol, (+)-taxifolin, and (+)-dihydromyricetin, although some enzymes may act only on a subset of these compounds. Each dihydroflavonol is reduced to the corresponding cis-flavan-3,4-diol. NAD+ can act instead of NADP+, but more slowly.
History
EC 1.1.1.219 created 1989, modified 2016
Pathway
ec01110 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K00091 dihydroflavonol-4-reductase
K13082 bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone 4-reductase
Genes
CSAT : 104725195 104760679 104771418
GHI : 107905441 107935085 107938889 107957957
HSYR : 120114676 120167561 120169034 120216676
DZI : 111312736 111315336 111315339
GMX : 100778253 548087(DFR1) 732626(DFR2)
GSJ : 114384244 114391094 114392892
PVU : PHAVU_001G012700g PHAVU_001G012800g PHAVU_007G246200g
VRA : 106763833 106764122 106770756 106770772 106771250
VAR : 108324448 108324922 108336257 108336367
VUN : 114191920 114193233 114193234 114193708
VUM : 124830594 124830645 124830655
CCAJ : 109811985 109811998
APRC : 113845972 113846034
TPRA : 123886567 123886574
PSAT : 127093431 127093432
VVO : 131596616 131596617 131596618
LJA : Lj5g3v0108490.1(Lj5g3v0108490.1) Lj5g3v0108500.1(Lj5g3v0108500.1) Lj5g3v0108500.2(Lj5g3v0108500.2) Lj5g3v0108500.3(Lj5g3v0108500.3)
AHF : 112697991 112697992 112756300 112756301
PCIN : 129303088 129303142 129306003 129306209
MSYL : 126604732 126631239
JCU : 105633822 105633823 105633824 110008657
HBR : 110638079 110638080 110638081 110655218 110655234
MESC : 110605890 110615791 110615792
PALZ : 118052800 118062127
CILL : 122316519 122316520
CAVE : 132190022 132190424
TWL : 119995119 120008961 120012083
VVI : 100233141(DFR) 100259090 100267635
VRI : 117905400 117906273 117906599
SOT : 102577487 102587107(DFR)
NTA : 107797232(Dfr2) 107803097(Dfr1)
INI : 109177611(DFR-A) 109177619(DFR-B) 109177620(DFR-C)
ITR : 115997971 115999112 115999903
SSPL : 121768372 121769161
SHIS : 125214503 125214539
DCR : 108216819 108220625 108222116 108222765 108222766 108224331 108224780
CSIN : 114263316 114299086 114299087 114306385
AEW : 130758800 130783480 130784840
CQI : 110702165 110702205 110724547 110738821
NNU : 104589331 104589332 104590621 104601829
MING : 122070773 122070775 122075392 122076687 122086119 122086459 122094122
TSS : 122660095 122661531 122662474 122666599 122666608
PSOM : 113333459 113345760
DOSA : Os01t0633500-00(Os01g0633500)
TAES : 100125685 123070190 123078633
SBI : 8058202 8058203 8075972 8076097
PVIR : 120676859 120707535
MUS : 103979760 103981125 103982813
NCOL : 116247360 116268364
ATR : 18422615 18422618 18422620
REH : H16_B2168(h16_B2168)
BPM : BURPS1710b_A1280(hpnA)
PDIO : PDMSB3_3354.1(dfrA)
MAQU : Maq22A_c25235(wcaG)
MTUN : MTUNDRAET4_2109(dfrA)
GBN : GEOBRER4_08480(hpnA)
APAU : AMPC_20810(hpnA_2) AMPC_36120
PAUU : E8A73_007830 E8A73_025805 E8A73_027450
BALA : DSM104299_04725(auaH_2)
PARN : NBH00_05775 NBH00_16585
SBAE : DSM104329_03993(auaH_3) DSM104329_04524(auaH_4)
PRUN : PCC7821_02152(dfrA)
THUG : KNN16_02930 KNN16_11905
TRS : Terro_1973 Terro_2339
NTI : DNFV4_00236 DNFV4_00976
NALL : PP769_01875 PP769_05055
NNEO : PQG83_13060 PQG83_16240
» show all
Taxonomy
Reference
Authors
Heller W, Forkmann G, Britsch L, Grisebach H
Title
Enzymatic reduction of (+)-dihydroflavonols to flavan-3,4-cis-diols with flower extracts from Matthiola incana and its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stafford HA, Lester HH.
Title
Flavan-3-ol Biosynthesis : The Conversion of (+)-Dihydromyricetin to Its Flavan-3,4-Diol (Leucodelphinidin) and to (+)-Gallocatechin by Reductases Extracted from Tissue Cultures of Ginkgo biloba and Pseudotsuga menziesii.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fischer D, Stich K, Britsch L, Grisebach H
Title
Purification and characterization of (+)dihydroflavonol (3-hydroxyflavanone) 4-reductase from flowers of Dahlia variabilis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Li H, Qiu J, Chen F, Lv X, Fu C, Zhao D, Hua X, Zhao Q
Title
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene in Saussurea medusa.
Journal
Other DBs
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.1.1.219