KEGG   ENZYME: 1.2.1.8Help
Entry
EC 1.2.1.8                  Enzyme                                 
Name
betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase;
betaine aldehyde oxidase;
BADH;
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase;
BetB
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
betaine-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Reaction(IUBMB)
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R02565]
Reaction(KEGG)
R02565;
(other) R02566
Show
Substrate
betaine aldehyde [CPD:C00576];
NAD+ [CPD:C00003];
H2O [CPD:C00001]
Product
betaine [CPD:C00719];
NADH [CPD:C00004];
H+ [CPD:C00080]
Comment
In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine. This enzyme is involved in the second step and appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria. In contrast, different enzymes are involved in the first reaction. In plants, this reaction is catalysed by EC 1.14.15.7 (choline monooxygenase), whereas in animals and many bacteria it is catalysed by either membrane-bound EC 1.1.99.1 (choline dehydrogenase) or soluble EC 1.1.3.17 (choline oxidase) [5]. In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156 (glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase) and EC 2.1.1.157 (sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase).
Pathway
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Metabolic pathways
Orthology
K00130  
betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
K14085  
aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1
Genes
HSA: 
501(ALDH7A1)
PTR: 
462033(ALDH7A1)
PPS: 
100970731(ALDH7A1)
GGO: 
101148545(ALDH7A1)
PON: 
100461726(ALDH7A1)
MCC: 
702749(ALDH7A1) 716090
MMU: 
110695(Aldh7a1)
RNO: 
291450(Aldh7a1)
CFA: 
481486(ALDH7A1)
AML: 
100475712(ALDH7A1)
FCA: 
101086623(ALDH7A1)
BTA: 
507477(ALDH7A1)
SSC: 
100515532
ECB: 
100063766(ALDH7A1)
MDO: 
100009965
SHR: 
100930576(ALDH7A1)
OAA: 
100074256(ALDH7A1)
GGA: 
426812(ALDH7A1)
TGU: 
100223716(ALDH7A1)
ACS: 
100560663
XLA: 
447522(aldh7a1)
XTR: 
549131(aldh7a1)
DRE: 
334197(aldh7a1)
TRU: 
101066288
OLA: 
101157525
BFO: 
BRAFLDRAFT_114917
CIN: 
100184485
SPU: 
588376
DME: 
Dmel_CG9629
DPO: 
Dpse_GA21924
DAN: 
Dana_GF10773
DER: 
Dere_GG13416
DPE: 
Dper_GL20912
DSE: 
Dsec_GM14883
DSI: 
Dsim_GD12292
DWI: 
Dwil_GK19673
DYA: 
Dyak_GE22513
DGR: 
Dgri_GH14418
DMO: 
Dmoj_GI13547
DVI: 
Dvir_GJ11906
AGA: 
AgaP_AGAP000881
AAG: 
AaeL_AAEL011756
CQU: 
CpipJ_CPIJ009438
AME: 
411140
NVI: 
100499205
TCA: 
658395
API: 
100159019
PHU: 
Phum_PHUM233600
ISC: 
IscW_ISCW020189
CEL: 
CELE_F01F1.6(alh-9)
CBR: 
CBG09070(Cbr-alh-9)
NVE: 
NEMVE_v1g175287
HMG: 
100198995(aldh7a1)
TAD: 
TRIADDRAFT_35608
AQU: 
100634152
ATH: 
AT1G54100(ALDH7B4) AT1G74920(ALDH10A8) AT3G48170(ALDH10A9)
ALY: 
ARALYDRAFT_474541 ARALYDRAFT_895359 ARALYDRAFT_906054
GMX: 
100170731(BADH2) 100170755(BADH1) 100811186
MTR: 
MTR_2g042330 MTR_4g106510
CSV: 
101205436
RCU: 
RCOM_0083650 RCOM_1512620
POP: 
POPTR_661953 POPTR_666405 POPTR_745820 POPTR_853157
VVI: 
100246770 100252622 100261802
OSA: 
4336081 4345606 4347172
DOSA: 
Os09t0440300-01(Os09g0440300)
BDI: 
100826926 100831288 100845613
SBI: 
SORBI_02g025790(SORBIDRAFT_02g025790) SORBI_07g020650(SORBIDRAFT_07g020650)
ZMA: 
100282748 100302679(gpm154) 541949(AMADH2) 606443
SMO: 
SELMODRAFT_164276 SELMODRAFT_174224 SELMODRAFT_230941 SELMODRAFT_272160
PPP: 
PHYPADRAFT_110382(ALDH7A) PHYPADRAFT_204867
CRE: 
CHLREDRAFT_24394
VCN: 
VOLCADRAFT_73155
OLU: 
OSTLU_50750
OTA: 
Ot10g02210
MGR: 
MGG_09456
FGR: 
FG05375.1
NHE: 
NECHADRAFT_66882
SSL: 
SS1G_03149
BFU: 
BC1G_07569
ANI: 
AN1430.2
NFI: 
NFIA_096790
AFM: 
AFUA_1G00470 AFUA_8G04080
AOR: 
AOR_1_48034(AO090103000021)
ANG: 
ANI_1_1222144(An16g09060)
AFV: 
AFLA_012070
ACT: 
ACLA_057410
PCS: 
Pc22g10030
CIM: 
CIMG_04412
CPW: 
CPC735_073360
URE: 
UREG_01642
ABE: 
ARB_05104
TVE: 
TRV_07864
PNO: 
SNOG_08429
PTE: 
PTT_10408
TML: 
GSTUM_00009284001
SPO: 
SPCC550.10(meu8)
CNB: 
CNBA6940
CGI: 
CGB_A8240C
LBC: 
LACBIDRAFT_248281
MPR: 
MPER_07485
CCI: 
CC1G_06909
SCM: 
SCHCODRAFT_68486
MBR: 
MONBRDRAFT_37970
NGR: 
NAEGRDRAFT_35633 NAEGRDRAFT_55553
DDI: 
DDB_G0276821
DPP: 
DICPUDRAFT_151785
TET: 
TTHERM_00678220
PTM: 
GSPATT00002104001
PIF: 
PITG_05462
ECO: 
b0312(betB)
ECJ: 
Y75_p0302(betB)
ECD: 
ECDH10B_0299(betB)
ECE: 
Z0399(betB)
ECS: 
ECs0358
ECF: 
ECH74115_0374(betB)
ETW: 
ECSP_0367(betB)
ELX: 
CDCO157_0349
EOJ: 
ECO26_0346(betB)
EOI: 
ECO111_0346(betB)
EOH: 
ECO103_0289(betB)
ECG: 
E2348C_0274(betB)
EOK: 
G2583_0416(betB)
ELR: 
ECO55CA74_01980
ECC: 
c0432(betB)
ECP: 
ECP_0387
ECI: 
UTI89_C0341(betB)
ECV: 
APECO1_1678(betB)
ECX: 
EcHS_A0371(betB)
ECW: 
EcE24377A_0327(betB)
ECM: 
EcSMS35_0343(betB)
ECY: 
ECSE_0333
ECR: 
ECIAI1_0309(betB)
ECK: 
EC55989_0314(betB)
ECT: 
ECIAI39_0374(betB)
EOC: 
CE10_0277(betB)
EUM: 
ECUMN_0350(betB)
ECZ: 
ECS88_0320(betB)
ELO: 
EC042_0345(betB)
ELN: 
NRG857_01530
ELH: 
ETEC_0368
ESO: 
O3O_05360
ESM: 
O3M_19920
ESL: 
O3K_19940
ECL: 
EcolC_3311
EBR: 
ECB_00268(betB)
EBD: 
ECBD_3346
EKO: 
EKO11_3533
EKF: 
KO11_22040(betB)
EAB: 
ECABU_c04080(betB)
EDH: 
EcDH1_3294
EDJ: 
ECDH1ME8569_0300(betB)
EIH: 
ECOK1_0306(betB)
ENA: 
ECNA114_0303(betB)
ELU: 
UM146_15740
EUN: 
UMNK88_359(betB)
ELW: 
ECW_m0386(betB)
ELL: 
WFL_01895(betB)
ELC: 
i14_0417(betB)
ELD: 
i02_0417(betB)
ELP: 
P12B_c0331(betB)
EBE: 
B21_00271(betB)
ECOA: 
APECO78_05085
YPE: 
YPO1166(betB)
YPA: 
YPA_1074
YPN: 
YPN_2835
YPM: 
YP_0993(betB)
YPP: 
YPDSF_2531
YPZ: 
YPZ3_1056(betB)
YPT: 
A1122_19715
YPD: 
YPD4_1015(betB)
YPX: 
YPD8_1112(betB)
YPH: 
YPC_1226(betB)
YPS: 
YPTB1196(betB)
YPI: 
YpsIP31758_2830(betB)
YPY: 
YPK_2916
YPB: 
YPTS_1276
SFV: 
SFV_0323(betB)
SSJ: 
SSON53_01635
ECA: 
ECA1745(betB)
PCT: 
PC1_2555
PCC: 
PCC21_026600
ETA: 
ETA_17820(betB)
EPY: 
EpC_18730(betB)
EPR: 
EPYR_02019(betB)
EAM: 
EAMY_1714(betB)
EAY: 
EAM_1686(betB)
EBI: 
EbC_19410(betB) EbC_23310
ERJ: 
EJP617_28500(betB)
PLU: 
plu2349
PAY: 
PAU_01173(ydcW)
ENC: 
ECL_03122
ENO: 
ECENHK_05995
EEC: 
EcWSU1_01154(betB)
ENL: 
A3UG_05920
EAE: 
EAE_13520
ESA: 
ESA_02048
CSK: 
ES15_2204(betB)
CTU: 
CTU_19210(betB)
KPN: 
KPN_00585 KPN_03361
KPU: 
KP1_1529(betB)
KPM: 
KPHS_14160
KPP: 
A79E_3656
KPE: 
KPK_3994(betB)
KPO: 
KPN2242_05775
KVA: 
Kvar_3784
KOX: 
KOX_13815
CKO: 
CKO_02583
SPE: 
Spro_1514 Spro_3647
SRR: 
SerAS9_1485
SRS: 
SerAS12_1485
SRA: 
SerAS13_1486
SMAF: 
D781_1432
PMR: 
PMI1460(betB)
DDD: 
Dda3937_03412(betB)
XBO: 
XBJ1_0079(ydcW) XBJ1_3307(betB)
XNE: 
XNC1_1245(betB) XNC1_2270(ydcW)
PAM: 
PANA_2167(betB)
PLF: 
PANA5342_2004(betB)
PAJ: 
PAJ_1483(betB)
PAQ: 
PAGR_g1928
PVA: 
Pvag_1615(betB)
PAO: 
Pat9b_1728
RAH: 
Rahaq_1389
RAQ: 
Rahaq2_1448
RAA: 
Q7S_06705
PSI: 
S70_18480
EBF: 
D782_3546
XCC: 
XCC3403(betB)
XCB: 
XC_0761
XCA: 
xccb100_0794(betB)
XCV: 
XCV0775(betB)
XCP: 
XCR_3741(betB)
XAC: 
XAC0719(betB)
XAX: 
XACM_0719(betB)
SML: 
Smlt2238(betB)
SMT: 
Smal_1833
BUJ: 
BurJV3_1891
SMZ: 
SMD_2019(betB)
VVU: 
VV2_1687
VVY: 
VVA0507
VVM: 
VVMO6_03453
VPA: 
VPA1113
VHA: 
VIBHAR_06180
VSP: 
VS_II0057
VEX: 
VEA_000365
VEJ: 
VEJY3_18591
VFU: 
vfu_A00380
PPR: 
PBPRB1746
VAN: 
VAA_01522
PAE: 
PA3504 PA5373(betB)
PAU: 
PA14_70950(betB)
PAP: 
PSPA7_6158(betB)
PAG: 
PLES_57681(betB)
PAF: 
PAM18_5493(betB)
PNC: 
NCGM2_3708 NCGM2_6145(betB)
PDK: 
PADK2_28600
PPU: 
PP_5063(betB)
PPF: 
Pput_4936
PPG: 
PputGB1_0742 PputGB1_3024 PputGB1_5114
PPW: 
PputW619_0402 PputW619_4475
PPT: 
PPS_4909
PPB: 
PPUBIRD1_4852(betB)
PST: 
PSPTO_0441(betB)
PSB: 
Psyr_4733
PSP: 
PSPPH_4767(betB)
PFL: 
PFL_4811(gbsA) PFL_5767(betB)
PFO: 
Pfl01_1049 Pfl01_4470 Pfl01_5243
PFS: 
PFLU1502 PFLU5685(betB)
PFE: 
PSF113_4671 PSF113_5466(betB)
PFC: 
PflA506_4981(betB)
PEN: 
PSEEN0373(betB) PSEEN0848
PMY: 
Pmen_0482
PMK: 
MDS_0518
PSA: 
PST_1745(betB)
PSZ: 
PSTAB_1639(betB)
PSR: 
PSTAA_1761(betB)
PSC: 
A458_12055
PBA: 
PSEBR_a4501 PSEBR_a5247
PFV: 
Psefu_4139
PAR: 
Psyc_0729(betB)
PCR: 
Pcryo_0873
ACI: 
ACIAD1009(betB)
ACD: 
AOLE_13900 AOLE_14720
ACB: 
A1S_0927 A1S_1089
ABM: 
ABSDF2439(betB)
ABY: 
ABAYE1066 ABAYE2867(betB)
ABC: 
ACICU_00889 ACICU_01133
ABN: 
AB57_1003(betB) AB57_1171
ABB: 
ABBFA_002457(ydcW) ABBFA_002683(betB)
ABX: 
ABK1_0914
ABZ: 
ABZJ_01029
ABR: 
ABTJ_02592 ABTJ_02883
ABD: 
ABTW07_1018(betB) ABTW07_1298
ACC: 
BDGL_000205(betB) BDGL_000366
SDN: 
Sden_0714
SFR: 
Sfri_1947
SBL: 
Sbal_1324
SBM: 
Shew185_1314
SBN: 
Sbal195_1350
SBP: 
Sbal223_3036
SBT: 
Sbal678_1381
SBS: 
Sbal117_1428
SBB: 
Sbal175_3013
SSE: 
Ssed_1120
SPL: 
Spea_1008
SHL: 
Shal_1058
SWD: 
Swoo_1197
SWP: 
swp_3810
SVO: 
SVI_1655(betB)
CPS: 
CPS_0096 CPS_1333(betB1) CPS_4011(betB2)
PHA: 
PSHAb0419(betB)
PAT: 
Patl_0153 Patl_2588 Patl_3895
PSM: 
PSM_B0494(betB)
MAQ: 
Maqu_3841
MAD: 
HP15_3626(betB)
ALT: 
ambt_06935
GAG: 
Glaag_1673
PIN: 
Ping_2071
LPN: 
lpg0238(gbsA)
LPF: 
lpl0292
LPP: 
lpp0308
LPC: 
LPC_0314(gbsA)
LPA: 
lpa_00426
LPE: 
lp12_0242
HCH: 
HCH_00850(betB)
CSA: 
Csal_1515 Csal_1706 Csal_2844
HEL: 
HELO_1860(betB)
MMW: 
Mmwyl1_4080
MME: 
Marme_0468
MPC: 
Mar181_3181
ASA: 
ASA_0843(betB)
OCE: 
GU3_07770
PSE: 
NH8B_1370
RSO: 
RSc1456(betB)
REU: 
Reut_A1842 Reut_A1905 Reut_B3577 Reut_B5835 Reut_C6374
REH: 
H16_B2130(betB)
CTI: 
RALTA_B1831(gbsA)
CNC: 
CNE_2c20940 CNE_BB1p11670(betB1)
BMA: 
BMAA0915(betB)
BMV: 
BMASAVP1_0467(betB)
BML: 
BMA10229_0180(betB)
BMN: 
BMA10247_A1427(betB)
BPS: 
BPSL1647 BPSS1354(betB)
BPM: 
BURPS1710b_A0376(betB)
BPL: 
BURPS1106A_A1836(betB)
BPD: 
BURPS668_A1924(betB)
BPZ: 
BP1026B_II1439(betB)
BTE: 
BTH_II1073(betB)
BVI: 
Bcep1808_1698 Bcep1808_3430 Bcep1808_4306 Bcep1808_6409 Bcep1808_6589
BUR: 
Bcep18194_A4372 Bcep18194_A5054 Bcep18194_B0535 Bcep18194_B0554 Bcep18194_B1113 Bcep18194_B1170 Bcep18194_B2788 Bcep18194_B3062 Bcep18194_B3159 Bcep18194_C6720 Bcep18194_C6785 Bcep18194_C7278 Bcep18194_C7485 Bcep18194_C7546 Bcep18194_C7675
BCN: 
Bcen_3269 Bcen_3666 Bcen_3713
BCH: 
Bcen2424_1758 Bcen2424_3431 Bcen2424_4655 Bcen2424_4701 Bcen2424_5099
BCM: 
Bcenmc03_5183 Bcenmc03_5599
BCJ: 
BCAM0415 BCAM1844 BCAM2342(betB)
BAM: 
Bamb_1682 Bamb_4095 Bamb_4511 Bamb_5214 Bamb_5756 Bamb_5845 Bamb_6073 Bamb_6096 Bamb_6363
BAC: 
BamMC406_4560 BamMC406_5036
BMU: 
Bmul_3537 Bmul_3992 Bmul_5200 Bmul_5267
BMJ: 
BMULJ_03253(betB) BMULJ_03319(betB) BMULJ_04510(betB) BMULJ_04980(betB)
BXE: 
Bxe_A1944 Bxe_A3526 Bxe_B0183 Bxe_B1591 Bxe_C1004
BPH: 
Bphy_3309 Bphy_4241
BPY: 
Bphyt_5059 Bphyt_7067
BGL: 
bglu_2g05630 bglu_2g07610
BUG: 
BC1001_4726 BC1001_5833
BGE: 
BC1002_3382
BGF: 
BC1003_5027 BC1003_5872
BGD: 
bgla_2g07160 bgla_2g18520
BYI: 
BYI23_B012640 BYI23_C006870 BYI23_C011300
BUK: 
MYA_3053
BAV: 
BAV1908(betB)
RFR: 
Rfer_0986
POL: 
Bpro_0055 Bpro_0091 Bpro_2450 Bpro_3685
VEI: 
Veis_1939 Veis_2088 Veis_3572 Veis_3876
DEL: 
DelCs14_1620
VAP: 
Vapar_3165 Vapar_6130
CFU: 
CFU_1108 CFU_1149(betB)
EBA: 
ebA4621(betB)
MEH: 
M301_1305
PCA: 
Pcar_1701
DDN: 
DND132_1039
DBA: 
Dbac_2823
DRT: 
Dret_0129
HOH: 
Hoch_4370
PUB: 
SAR11_1343(dhaS)
MLO: 
mll7608
MCI: 
Mesci_4924
MOP: 
Mesop_5434
SME: 
SMa1731(betB2) SMc00094(betB)
SMK: 
Sinme_0658 Sinme_6150
SMQ: 
SinmeB_0562 SinmeB_6653
SMX: 
SM11_chr0607(betB) SM11_pC0693(betB2)
SMD: 
Smed_0563
RHI: 
NGR_c07000(betB) NGR_c30160
SFH: 
SFHH103_00639(betB)
ATU: 
Atu0829(betB)
ARA: 
Arad_1352(betB) Arad_7226(betB)
AVI: 
Avi_1147(betB)
AGR: 
AGROH133_04538(betB)
RET: 
RHE_CH01137(betB) RHE_CH01722
REC: 
RHECIAT_CH0001220(betB) RHECIAT_PC0000645
RLE: 
RL1271(betB) RL1823
RLT: 
Rleg2_0777
RLG: 
Rleg_0890
BME: 
BMEI1382
BMI: 
BMEA_A0589(betB)
BMZ: 
BM28_A0563(betB)
BMG: 
BM590_A0564
BMW: 
BMNI_I0562
BMF: 
BAB1_0576
BMB: 
BruAb1_0574(betB)
BMC: 
BAbS19_I05370
BAA: 
BAA13334_I03068
BMS: 
BR0552(betB)
BSI: 
BS1330_I0548(betB)
BMT: 
BSUIS_A0580(betB)
BSV: 
BSVBI22_A0548(betB)
BOV: 
BOV_0553(betB)
BCS: 
BCAN_A0564(betB)
BSK: 
BCA52141_I0824
BMR: 
BMI_I551(betB)
BPP: 
BPI_I585(betB)
OAN: 
Oant_2710
RPB: 
RPB_0137
AZC: 
AZC_1184
SNO: 
Snov_3030
MNO: 
Mnod_8400
HMC: 
HYPMC_1873(betB)
PHL: 
KKY_2548
SIL: 
SPO0084(betB)
SIT: 
TM1040_0847 TM1040_1883
RSP: 
RSP_2183(betB)
RSH: 
Rsph17029_0855
RSQ: 
Rsph17025_2311
RSK: 
RSKD131_0494
RCP: 
RCAP_rcc00897(betB)
JAN: 
Jann_1493 Jann_3937
RDE: 
RD1_2023(betB)
RLI: 
RLO149_c011680(betB)
PDE: 
Pden_1710 Pden_1897 Pden_4941
PSF: 
PSE_0427(betB)
HNE: 
HNE_2219
NAR: 
Saro_2610
SAL: 
Sala_0902
GBE: 
GbCGDNIH1_1608
ACR: 
Acry_0990
AMV: 
ACMV_08970(betB)
MAG: 
amb2593
AZL: 
AZL_018080(betB) AZL_a09420(betB)
APB: 
SAR116_1393
PGV: 
SL003B_1116(betB) SL003B_3571
BSU: 
BSU31060(gbsA)
BSR: 
I33_3190(betB)
BSL: 
A7A1_2216
BSS: 
BSUW23_15080(gbsA)
BST: 
GYO_3384(betB)
BSN: 
BSn5_06385
BSQ: 
B657_31060(gbsA)
BSUB: 
BEST7613_6241(gbsA)
BLI: 
BL02564(gbsA)
BLD: 
BLi03270(gbsA)
BAO: 
BAMF_2872(gbsA)
BAY: 
RBAM_028160(gbsA)
BAQ: 
BACAU_2802(betB)
BYA: 
BANAU_3004(gbsA)
BAMP: 
B938_14395
BAZ: 
BAMTA208_15140(gbsA)
BQL: 
LL3_03169(gbsA)
BXH: 
BAXH7_03104(gbsA)
BQY: 
MUS_3384(gbsA)
BAE: 
BATR1942_13345
BHA: 
BH0203(gbsA)
BCY: 
Bcer98_1476
BWE: 
BcerKBAB4_1276
BCL: 
ABC0980(gbsA)
BPU: 
BPUM_2735(gbsA)
BMQ: 
BMQ_0862 BMQ_2260 BMQ_5106(gbsA)
BMD: 
BMD_0863 BMD_2215 BMD_5093(gbsA)
BMH: 
BMWSH_0171 BMWSH_2980 BMWSH_4379(gbsA)
BSE: 
Bsel_0170
BAG: 
Bcoa_3318
BJS: 
MY9_3113
GKA: 
GK2000 GK2037
GTN: 
GTNG_1899 GTNG_1922(paaZ)
GTH: 
Geoth_2295
GYC: 
GYMC61_2758
GYA: 
GYMC52_1888
GCT: 
GC56T3_1605
GMC: 
GY4MC1_2209
SAU: 
SA2406(gbsA)
SAV: 
SAV2613(gbsA)
SAW: 
SAHV_2597(gbsA)
SAH: 
SaurJH1_2689
SAJ: 
SaurJH9_2635
SAM: 
MW2532(gbsA)
SAS: 
SAS2498
SAR: 
SAR2691(cudA)
SAC: 
SACOL2628(betB)
SAX: 
USA300HOU_2606(betB)
SAA: 
SAUSA300_2546(betB)
SAO: 
SAOUHSC_02933
SAE: 
NWMN_2510
SUU: 
M013TW_2590
SUV: 
SAVC_11925
SUH: 
SAMSHR1132_24280
SUE: 
SAOV_2658c
SUJ: 
SAA6159_02509(gbsA)
SUK: 
SAA6008_02670(gbsA)
SUC: 
ECTR2_2466(betB)
SUT: 
SAT0131_02846
SUQ: 
HMPREF0772_10578(betB)
SUZ: 
MS7_2617(betB)
SUD: 
ST398NM01_2660
SUX: 
SAEMRSA15_25170(cudA)
SUW: 
SATW20_27510(cudA)
SUG: 
SAPIG2660(betB)
SAB: 
SAB2487c(cudA)
SUY: 
SA2981_2551(gbsA)
SAUB: 
C248_2672(cudA)
SEP: 
SE2166
SER: 
SERP2177(betB)
SHA: 
SH0428(gbsA)
SSP: 
SSP0195
SCA: 
Sca_2163(cudA)
SLG: 
SLGD_00371
SLN: 
SLUG_03660(cudA)
SSD: 
SPSINT_2230
SDT: 
SPSE_0240(betB)
SWA: 
A284_01375
HHD: 
HBHAL_1448(gbsA)
PMS: 
KNP414_07441
PMQ: 
PM3016_6994
PMW: 
B2K_35285
THL: 
TEH_04590(gbsA)
CBE: 
Cbei_4936
DAE: 
Dtox_4269
EHA: 
Ethha_0578
SAY: 
TPY_2986(prr)
SAP: 
Sulac_0905
MAV: 
MAV_2647
MSM: 
MSMEG_1665 MSMEG_2881 MSMEG_5815
MUL: 
MUL_2789
MVA: 
Mvan_0014 Mvan_0240 Mvan_1572 Mvan_2280 Mvan_2580 Mvan_2878
MGI: 
Mflv_0428 Mflv_3083 Mflv_3819 Mflv_4063 Mflv_4860
MSP: 
Mspyr1_23980 Mspyr1_31610 Mspyr1_42760
MAB: 
MAB_3328
MMC: 
Mmcs_0307 Mmcs_1220 Mmcs_2059 Mmcs_2273 Mmcs_2462 Mmcs_4650
MKM: 
Mkms_0317 Mkms_1237 Mkms_2105 Mkms_2320 Mkms_2507 Mkms_4738
MJL: 
Mjls_0207 Mjls_0298 Mjls_1247 Mjls_2042 Mjls_2312 Mjls_2499 Mjls_4040 Mjls_5033
MMI: 
MMAR_2610 MMAR_3556
MRH: 
MycrhN_0509 MycrhN_5470
ASD: 
AS9A_2470 AS9A_2718
CGB: 
cg0637(betB)
CDI: 
DIP2200(gbsA)
CDP: 
CD241_2089(gbsA)
CDH: 
CDB402_2064(gbsA)
CDT: 
CDHC01_2090(gbsA)
CDE: 
CDHC02_2084(gbsA)
CDR: 
CDHC03_2086(gbsA)
CDA: 
CDHC04_2116(gbsA)
CDB: 
CDBH8_2176(gbsA)
CDS: 
CDC7B_2182(gbsA)
CDD: 
CDCE8392_2104(gbsA)
CDW: 
CDPW8_2165(gbsA)
CDV: 
CDVA01_2012(gbsA)
CJK: 
jk1187(gbsA)
CUR: 
cur_0806
CAR: 
cauri_0087
CKP: 
ckrop_0230(gbsA)
CPU: 
cpfrc_01781(gbsA)
CPK: 
Cp1002_1783(gbsA)
CPX: 
CpI19_1791(gbsA)
CPZ: 
CpPAT10_1783(gbsA)
CUL: 
CULC22_02012(gbsA)
CUC: 
CULC809_01853(gbsA)
CUE: 
CULC0102_2003(gbsA)
NFA: 
nfa12730
NCY: 
NOCYR_3119(gbsA)
RHA: 
RHA1_ro00373 RHA1_ro00383 RHA1_ro01771 RHA1_ro01807 RHA1_ro01879 RHA1_ro02831 RHA1_ro03079 RHA1_ro05182 RHA1_ro05290 RHA1_ro08207
ROP: 
ROP_14850(gbsA) ROP_15570(gbsA) ROP_43910 ROP_54920
GBR: 
Gbro_0856
GPO: 
GPOL_c02840(gbsA) GPOL_c16540
TPR: 
Tpau_2793
SRT: 
Srot_2020 Srot_2477
SCO: 
SCO4828(gbsA) SCO5657(SC6A9.10c) SCO5666(SC6A9.01c)
SMA: 
SAV_1622(gbsA1) SAV_2592 SAV_2610 SAV_3434(gbsA2) SAV_6948(gbsA3) SAV_789
SGR: 
SGR_1084 SGR_1533 SGR_1838 SGR_1845
SCB: 
SCAB_25771 SCAB_25841 SCAB_7001(gbsA) SCAB_76071(gbsA)
SSX: 
SACTE_4845 SACTE_4851 SACTE_5817
SVL: 
Strvi_1996 Strvi_2002 Strvi_5723 Strvi_8637
SCT: 
SCAT_3718(gbsA) SCAT_4463 SCAT_4468(dhaS)
SCY: 
SCATT_37070 SCATT_44570 SCATT_44620
SFA: 
Sfla_0761 Sfla_1670 Sfla_1677
SBH: 
SBI_02658 SBI_04746 SBI_09741 SBI_09744
SHY: 
SHJG_2832 SHJG_5952 SHJG_6746 SHJG_6763
KSK: 
KSE_52670 KSE_52730
LXX: 
Lxx12000 Lxx12010
CMI: 
CMM_1951
MTS: 
MTES_0145
ART: 
Arth_3725 Arth_3744
AAU: 
AAur_0513(betB) AAur_0809
ACH: 
Achl_3495 Achl_3686
AAI: 
AARI_07260(betB) AARI_26100
APN: 
Asphe3_02010
ARR: 
ARUE_c04840(gbsA)
KRH: 
KRH_18110(betB)
RDN: 
HMPREF0733_11937(betB)
BFA: 
Bfae_22530
CFL: 
Cfla_1495
ICA: 
Intca_2254
PFR: 
PFREUD_01860(dha1)
PBO: 
PACID_07740(gbsA)
MPH: 
MLP_20690
NCA: 
Noca_1115 Noca_2160 Noca_2586 Noca_3222
TFU: 
Tfu_0279 Tfu_1287 Tfu_1471 Tfu_1776
NDA: 
Ndas_5405
NAL: 
B005_1735(gbsA)
TCU: 
Tcur_1827 Tcur_3397
SRO: 
Sros_1807 Sros_1880 Sros_5222 Sros_7521
FRA: 
Francci3_3777
FRE: 
Franean1_0951
FRI: 
FraEuI1c_0785
FAL: 
FRAAL6022
FSY: 
FsymDg_0956
ACE: 
Acel_1092 Acel_1100 Acel_1285 Acel_1850
NML: 
Namu_0561 Namu_4938
GOB: 
Gobs_1708 Gobs_1721
KRA: 
Krad_0841
SEN: 
SACE_2895 SACE_3776 SACE_3969 SACE_4203(gbsA) SACE_4926 SACE_5371(gbsA) SACE_5668 SACE_6016
SVI: 
Svir_23260 Svir_31700
TBI: 
Tbis_1008
AMD: 
AMED_1201(betB) AMED_2617(betB) AMED_7134 AMED_7558(betB)
AMN: 
RAM_06095 RAM_13295 RAM_38835
AMM: 
AMES_2589(betB) AMES_7446(betB)
STP: 
Strop_1640
SAQ: 
Sare_1625
MAU: 
Micau_0984
MIL: 
ML5_1231
VMA: 
VAB18032_09615
AMS: 
AMIS_37600 AMIS_37720
ASE: 
ACPL_2478
CAI: 
Caci_1553 Caci_7094
SNA: 
Snas_2393
RXY: 
Rxyl_1035 Rxyl_1561 Rxyl_2380 Rxyl_2917 Rxyl_3194
CWO: 
Cwoe_1552 Cwoe_4414 Cwoe_4862
AFO: 
Afer_0573
TDE: 
TDE0080(gbsA)
LBI: 
LEPBI_I2656
LBF: 
LBF_2575
ABA: 
Acid345_1535
CMR: 
Cycma_4851
CYA: 
CYA_0364
CYB: 
CYB_0715
CYN: 
Cyan7425_2741
STI: 
Sthe_0359
CAP: 
CLDAP_19320
FSI: 
Flexsi_0773
MTP: 
Mthe_0395
MEM: 
Memar_1201
TVO: 
TVN0397
SAI: 
Saci_1099
 » show all
Taxonomy
Reference
1  [PMID:13192104]
  Authors
ROTHSCHILD HA, BARRON ES.
  Title
The oxidation of betaine aldehyde by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.
  Journal
J. Biol. Chem. 209 (1954) 511-23.
  Organism
Rattus norvegicus [GN:rno]
Reference
2  [PMID:12736784]
  Authors
Livingstone JR, Maruo T, Yoshida I, Tarui Y, Hirooka K, Yamamoto Y, Tsutui N, Hirasawa E.
  Title
Purification and properties of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Avena sativa.
  Journal
J. Plant. Res. 116 (2003) 133-40.
  Organism
Avena sativa
Reference
3  [PMID:12604197]
  Authors
Munoz-Clares RA, Gonzalez-Segura L, Mujica-Jimenez C, Contreras-Diaz L.
  Title
Ligand-induced conformational changes of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. leaves affecting the reactivity of the catalytic thiol.
  Journal
Chem. Biol. Interact. 143-144 (2003) 129-37.
  Organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa [GN:pae], Amaranthus hypochondriacus
Reference
4  [PMID:9792097]
  Authors
Johansson K, El-Ahmad M, Ramaswamy S, Hjelmqvist L, Jornvall H, Eklund H.
  Title
Structure of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase at 2.1 A resolution.
  Journal
Protein. Sci. 7 (1998) 2106-17.
  Organism
Rattus norvegicus [GN:rno], Bos taurus [GN:bta]
Reference
5  [PMID:12466265]
  Authors
Waditee R, Tanaka Y, Aoki K, Hibino T, Jikuya H, Takano J, Takabe T, Takabe T.
  Title
Isolation and functional characterization of N-methyltransferases that catalyze betaine synthesis from glycine in a halotolerant photosynthetic organism Aphanothece halophytica.
  Journal
J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 4932-42.
  Organism
Aphanothece halophytica
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 
CAS: 
9028-90-4
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