KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04068
Entry
hsa04068                    Pathway                                
Name
FoxO signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
The forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors regulates the expression of genes in cellular physiological events including apoptosis, cell-cycle control, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress resistance, and longevity. A central regulatory mechanism of FOXO proteins is phosphorylation by the serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), in response to insulin or several growth factors. Phosphorylation at three conserved residues results in the export of FOXO proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby decreasing expression of FOXO target genes. In contrast, the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the energy sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), upon oxidative and nutrient stress stimuli phosphorylate and activate FoxOs. Aside from PKB, JNK and AMPK, FOXOs are regulated by multiple players through several post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, but also acetylation, methylation and ubiquitylation.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
hsa04068  FoxO signaling pathway
hsa04068

Drug
D11322  Umbralisib (USAN/INN)
D11323  Umbralisib tosylate (USAN)
D12291  Tovorafenib (USAN/INN)
D12394  Inobrodib (USAN)
D12768  Ficerafusp alfa (USAN)
D12771  Mocravimod (USAN/INN)
D12772  Mocravimod hydrochloride (USAN)
Other DBs
GO: 0009267
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
7040  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta 1 [KO:K13375]
7042  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta 2 [KO:K13376]
7043  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta 3 [KO:K13377]
7046  TGFBR1; transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
7048  TGFBR2; transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
4089  SMAD4; SMAD family member 4 [KO:K04501]
4088  SMAD3; SMAD family member 3 [KO:K23605]
6794  STK11; serine/threonine kinase 11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5562  PRKAA1; protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
5563  PRKAA2; protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
5564  PRKAB1; protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1 [KO:K07199]
5565  PRKAB2; protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 2 [KO:K07199]
5571  PRKAG1; protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1 [KO:K07200]
53632  PRKAG3; protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 3 [KO:K07200]
51422  PRKAG2; protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2 [KO:K07200]
51701  NLK; nemo like kinase [KO:K04468] [EC:2.7.11.24]
6502  SKP2; S-phase kinase associated protein 2 [KO:K03875]
4193  MDM2; MDM2 proto-oncogene [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
80854  SETD7; SET domain containing 7, histone lysine methyltransferase [KO:K11431] [EC:2.1.1.364]
1387  CREBBP; CREB binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
2033  EP300; E1A binding protein p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
23411  SIRT1; sirtuin 1 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
7874  USP7; ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 [KO:K11838] [EC:3.4.19.12]
6517  SLC2A4; solute carrier family 2 member 4 [KO:K07191]
5599  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5602  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5601  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
6789  STK4; serine/threonine kinase 4 [KO:K04411]
3479  IGF1; insulin like growth factor 1 [KO:K05459]
3480  IGF1R; insulin like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
3630  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
3643  INSR; insulin receptor [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
3667  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
8660  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
8471  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
5290  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5293  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5291  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5295  PIK3R1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649]
5296  PIK3R2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649]
8503  PIK3R3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649]
5170  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
1147  CHUK; component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
3551  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
5728  PTEN; phosphatase and tensin homolog [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
207  AKT1; AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
208  AKT2; AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
10000  AKT3; AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
6446  SGK1; serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 [KO:K13302] [EC:2.7.11.1]
10110  SGK2; serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2 [KO:K13303] [EC:2.7.11.1]
23678  SGK3; serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family member 3 [KO:K13304] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100533105  C8orf44-SGK3; C8orf44-SGK3 readthrough [KO:K13304] [EC:2.7.11.1]
2308  FOXO1; forkhead box O1 [KO:K07201]
2309  FOXO3; forkhead box O3 [KO:K09408]
4303  FOXO4; forkhead box O4 [KO:K12358]
100132074  FOXO6; forkhead box O6 [KO:K17847]
2911  GRM1; glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 [KO:K04603]
9456  HOMER1; homer scaffold protein 1 [KO:K15010]
9455  HOMER2; homer scaffold protein 2 [KO:K15010]
9454  HOMER3; homer scaffold protein 3 [KO:K15010]
116986  AGAP2; ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2 [KO:K17848]
1454  CSNK1E; casein kinase 1 epsilon [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102800317  TPTEP2-CSNK1E; TPTEP2-CSNK1E readthrough [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
3569  IL6; interleukin 6 [KO:K05405]
3586  IL10; interleukin 10 [KO:K05443]
6774  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [KO:K04692]
1950  EGF; epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]
1956  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
2885  GRB2; growth factor receptor bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
6654  SOS1; SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K03099]
6655  SOS2; SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 [KO:K03099]
3265  HRAS; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K02833]
3845  KRAS; KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K07827]
4893  NRAS; NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K07828]
673  BRAF; B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5894  RAF1; Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
369  ARAF; A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5604  MAP2K1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5605  MAP2K2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5594  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5595  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5600  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
6300  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5603  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
1432  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
1017  CDK2; cyclin dependent kinase 2 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
3276  PRMT1; protein arginine methyltransferase 1 [KO:K11434] [EC:2.1.1.319]
2290  FOXG1; forkhead box G1 [KO:K09385]
891  CCNB1; cyclin B1 [KO:K05868]
9133  CCNB2; cyclin B2 [KO:K21770]
85417  CCNB3; cyclin B3 [KO:K21771]
595  CCND1; cyclin D1 [KO:K04503]
894  CCND2; cyclin D2 [KO:K10151]
901  CCNG2; cyclin G2 [KO:K10146]
1030  CDKN2B; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B [KO:K04685]
1032  CDKN2D; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2D [KO:K06623]
1026  CDKN1A; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A [KO:K06625]
1027  CDKN1B; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
5934  RBL2; RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 [KO:K16332]
5347  PLK1; polo like kinase 1 [KO:K06631] [EC:2.7.11.21]
10769  PLK2; polo like kinase 2 [KO:K08861] [EC:2.7.11.21]
1263  PLK3; polo like kinase 3 [KO:K08862] [EC:2.7.11.21]
10733  PLK4; polo like kinase 4 [KO:K08863] [EC:2.7.11.21]
1647  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha [KO:K04402]
4616  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta [KO:K04402]
10912  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gamma [KO:K04402]
356  FASLG; Fas ligand [KO:K04389]
10018  BCL2L11; BCL2 like 11 [KO:K16341]
8743  TNFSF10; TNF superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
604  BCL6; BCL6 transcription repressor [KO:K15618]
664  BNIP3; BCL2 interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
9140  ATG12; autophagy related 12 [KO:K08336]
11337  GABARAP; GABA type A receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
23710  GABARAPL1; GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1 [KO:K08341]
11345  GABARAPL2; GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2 [KO:K08341]
847  CAT; catalase [KO:K03781] [EC:1.11.1.6]
6648  SOD2; superoxide dismutase 2 [KO:K04564] [EC:1.15.1.1]
472  ATM; ATM serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5105  PCK1; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
5106  PCK2; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
2538  G6PC1; glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
57818  G6PC2; glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
92579  G6PC3; glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
3575  IL7R; interleukin 7 receptor [KO:K05072]
10365  KLF2; KLF transcription factor 2 [KO:K17845]
1901  S1PR1; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 [KO:K04288]
8698  S1PR4; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 [KO:K04293]
5896  RAG1; recombination activating 1 [KO:K10628] [EC:2.3.2.27]
5897  RAG2; recombination activating 2 [KO:K10988]
26260  FBXO25; F-box protein 25 [KO:K10305]
114907  FBXO32; F-box protein 32 [KO:K10305]
Compound
C00008  ADP
C00020  AMP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00031  D-Glucose
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:17470511
  Authors
Glauser DA, Schlegel W
  Title
The emerging role of FOXO transcription factors in pancreatic beta cells.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 193:195-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1677/JOE-06-0191
Reference
PMID:17522590
  Authors
van der Horst A, Burgering BM
  Title
Stressing the role of FoxO proteins in lifespan and disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:440-50 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2190
Reference
PMID:21440011
  Authors
Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK
  Title
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:1978-86 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.03.010
Reference
PMID:23325358
  Authors
Eijkelenboom A, Burgering BM
  Title
FOXOs: signalling integrators for homeostasis maintenance.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14:83-97 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3507
Reference
PMID:17569704
  Authors
Daitoku H, Fukamizu A
  Title
FOXO transcription factors in the regulatory networks of longevity.
  Journal
J Biochem 141:769-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/jb/mvm104
Reference
PMID:19701188
  Authors
Hedrick SM
  Title
The cunning little vixen: Foxo and the cycle of life and death.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 10:1057-63 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/ni.1784
Reference
PMID:15516968
  Authors
Coffer PJ, Burgering BM
  Title
Forkhead-box transcription factors and their role in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 4:889-99 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nri1488
Reference
PMID:22902436
  Authors
Ro SH, Liu D, Yeo H, Paik JH
  Title
FoxOs in neural stem cell fate decision.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 534:55-63 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.abb.2012.07.017
Reference
PMID:18403263
  Authors
Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC
  Title
OutFOXOing disease and disability: the therapeutic potential of targeting FoxO proteins.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 14:219-27 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2008.03.002
Reference
PMID:23801966
  Authors
Hagenbuchner J, Ausserlechner MJ
  Title
Mitochondria and FOXO3: breath or die.
  Journal
Front Physiol 4:147 (2013)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2013.00147
Reference
PMID:18045156
  Authors
Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC
  Title
"Sly as a FOXO": new paths with Forkhead signaling in the brain.
  Journal
Curr Neurovasc Res 4:295-302 (2007)
DOI:10.2174/156720207782446306
Reference
PMID:22761423
  Authors
Oh HM, Yu CR, Dambuza I, Marrero B, Egwuagu CE
  Title
STAT3 protein interacts with Class O Forkhead transcription factors in the cytoplasm and regulates nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of FoxO1 and FoxO3a proteins in CD4(+) T cells.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 287:30436-43 (2012)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M112.359661
Reference
PMID:21238503
  Authors
Huang H, Tindall DJ
  Title
Regulation of FOXO protein stability via ubiquitination and proteasome degradation.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:1961-4 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.007
Reference
PMID:16288288
  Authors
Greer EL, Brunet A
  Title
FOXO transcription factors at the interface between longevity and tumor suppression.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:7410-25 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209086
Reference
PMID:15084259
  Authors
Seoane J, Le HV, Shen L, Anderson SA, Massague J
  Title
Integration of Smad and forkhead pathways in the control of neuroepithelial and glioblastoma cell proliferation.
  Journal
Cell 117:211-23 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00298-3
Reference
PMID:18951090
  Authors
Yamagata K, Daitoku H, Takahashi Y, Namiki K, Hisatake K, Kako K, Mukai H, Kasuya Y, Fukamizu A
  Title
Arginine methylation of FOXO transcription factors inhibits their phosphorylation by Akt.
  Journal
Mol Cell 32:221-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.09.013
Reference
PMID:16964248
  Authors
van der Horst A, de Vries-Smits AM, Brenkman AB, van Triest MH, van den Broek N, Colland F, Maurice MM, Burgering BM
  Title
FOXO4 transcriptional activity is regulated by monoubiquitination and USP7/HAUSP.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 8:1064-73 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/ncb1469
Reference
PMID:21613825
  Authors
Zhang Y, Gan B, Liu D, Paik JH
  Title
FoxO family members in cancer.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 12:253-9 (2011)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.12.4.15954
Reference
PMID:15005655
  Authors
Van Der Heide LP, Hoekman MF, Smidt MP
  Title
The ins and outs of FoxO shuttling: mechanisms of FoxO translocation and transcriptional regulation.
  Journal
Biochem J 380:297-309 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20040167
Related
pathway
hsa00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
hsa00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
hsa00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
hsa04010  MAPK signaling pathway
hsa04110  Cell cycle
hsa04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
hsa04140  Autophagy - animal
hsa04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
hsa04210  Apoptosis
hsa04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
hsa04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
hsa04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04068   

  All links  
Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (131)   
   KEGG GENES (131)   
All databases (132)   

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