KEGG   PATHWAY: acs04140
Entry
acs04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Anolis carolinensis (green anole)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
acs04140  Autophagy - animal
acs04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Anolis carolinensis (green anole) [GN:acs]
Gene
100551592  wdr45b; WD repeat domain 45B [KO:K22991]
100551680  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100551935  prkaa2; protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100552043  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
100552073  gorasp1; golgi reassembly stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
100552135  rab33b; RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07920]
100552145  eif2ak4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100552201  calcoco2; calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2 [KO:K21348]
100552299  ubc; ubiquitin C [KO:K08770]
100552362  mlst8; MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog [KO:K08266]
100552469  [KO:K02927]
100552562  tsc2; tuberous sclerosis 2 [KO:K07207]
100552624  stk11; serine/threonine kinase 11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100552828  zfyve1; zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1 [KO:K17603]
100552870  pten; phosphatase and tensin homolog [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100552937  uvrag; UV radiation resistance associated [KO:K21249]
100553105  [KO:K07897]
100553575  tbk1; TANK binding kinase 1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100553616  ambra1; autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1 [KO:K17985]
100553700  prkcd; protein kinase C delta [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100553852  rab39b; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
100553877  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100553927  akt3; AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100553982  stx7; syntaxin 7 [KO:K08488]
100554064  igf1r; insulin like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100554112  nbr1; NBR1, autophagy cargo receptor [KO:K17987]
100554335  map1lc3c; microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma [KO:K10435]
100554543  mtmr14; myotubularin related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100554618  pik3r3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649]
100554635  snap29; synaptosome associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
100554725  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100554765  eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha [KO:K03237]
100554875  sh3glb1; SH3 domain containing GRB2 like endophilin B1 [KO:K11248]
100554964  vps18; VPS18, CORVET/HOPS core subunit [KO:K20181]
100555020  irs4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K07187]
100555182  pik3r2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649]
100555207  [KO:K20402]
100555276  vps41; VPS41, HOPS complex subunit [KO:K20184]
100555313  hif1a; hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit [KO:K08268]
100555317  rragd; Ras related GTP binding D [KO:K16186]
100555432  wipi2; WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2 [KO:K17908]
100555476  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology and RUN domain containing M1 [KO:K23282]
100555477  akt2; AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100555646  birc6; baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100555714  atg4d; autophagy related 4D cysteine peptidase [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100555829  igbp1; immunoglobulin binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
100555861  rheb; Ras homolog enriched in brain [KO:K07208]
100555875  wipi1; WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1 [KO:K17908]
100555877  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100555883  rragc; Ras related GTP binding C [KO:K16186]
100555900  vps39; VPS39, HOPS complex subunit [KO:K20183]
100556289  akt1; AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100556297  dapk1; death associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100556660  gorasp2; golgi reassembly stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
100556883  pik3r1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649]
100556912  atg12; autophagy related 12 [KO:K08336]
100556955  sqstm1; sequestosome 1 [KO:K14381]
100557398  [KO:K17907]
100557539  rps6kb2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase B2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100557613  raf1; Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100557925  akt1s1; AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
100558211  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100558469  atg3; autophagy related 3 [KO:K08343]
100558581  ern2; endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100558622  ppp2cb; protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100558896  gabarapl2; GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2 [KO:K08341]
100558982  [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100559138  prkacb; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100559207  rb1cc1; RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1 [KO:K17589]
100559440  wdr41; WD repeat domain 41 [KO:K23610]
100559444  supt20h; SPT20 homolog, SAGA complex component [KO:K21245]
100559452  lamp1; lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 [KO:K06528]
100559773  atg101; autophagy related 101 [KO:K19730]
100559807  [KO:K07827]
100559866  pik3r4; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100559955  pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100560031  atg10; autophagy related 10 [KO:K17888]
100560042  atg4b; autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100560106  rab1a; RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07874]
100560322  optn; optineurin [KO:K19946]
100560368  atg5; autophagy related 5 [KO:K08339]
100560434  rptor; regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1 [KO:K07204]
100560493  tsc1; tuberous sclerosis 1 [KO:K07206]
100560708  hmgb1; high mobility group box 1 [KO:K10802]
100561211  traf6; TNF receptor associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100561587  ulk1; unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100561723  [KO:K16185]
100561907  mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100561922  bcl2l1; BCL2 like 1 [KO:K04570]
100561931  atg2b; autophagy related 2B [KO:K17906]
100561934  atg9a; autophagy related 9A [KO:K17907]
100561941  ctsl; cathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100562138  atg7; autophagy related 7 [KO:K08337]
100562175  tank; TRAF family member associated NFKB activator [KO:K12650]
100562258  map1lc3b; microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta [KO:K10435]
100562345  pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100562716  ulk2; unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100563039  atg14; autophagy related 14 [KO:K17889]
100563195  rps27a; ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
100563575  kras; KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K07827]
100563621  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
100563695  vps16; VPS16, CORVET/HOPS core subunit [KO:K20180]
100563878  ctsb; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
100563896  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100563996  map1lc3a; microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha [KO:K10435]
100564299  mras; muscle RAS oncogene homolog [KO:K07831]
100564476  cflar; CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
100564533  atg4a; autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100564635  c2h9orf72; chromosome 2 open reading frame, human C9orf72 [KO:K23609]
100564768  gabarapl1; GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1 [KO:K08341]
100564873  vps33a; VPS33A, CORVET/HOPS core subunit [KO:K20182]
100564886  bcl2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
100564997  rab7b; RAB7B, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07898]
100565007  wdr45; WD repeat domain 45 [KO:K22991]
100565022  vamp8; vesicle associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
100565100  irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100565176  nras; neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog [KO:K07828]
100565267  mtor; mechanistic target of rapamycin [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100565383  nrbf2; nuclear receptor binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
100565449  tax1bp1; Tax1 binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]
100565615  ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
100565678  hras; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K02833]
100565783  rras2; related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog 2 [KO:K07830]
100565814  mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100565927  rps6kb1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100566244  deptor; DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein [KO:K20402]
100566276  atg13; autophagy related 13 [KO:K08331]
100566301  prkcq; protein kinase C theta [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100566554  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 3 [KO:K22262]
100566672  atg16l1; autophagy related 16 like 1 [KO:K17890]
100566691  [KO:K10435]
100566699  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100566707  vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
100566768  ern1; endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100566804  atg4c; autophagy related 4C cysteine peptidase [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100566992  ddit4; DNA damage inducible transcript 4 [KO:K08270]
100567057  rab7a; RAB7A, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07897]
100567176  map2k2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100567210  ykt6; YKT6 v-SNARE homolog (S. cerevisiae) [KO:K08516]
100567238  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
100567254  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100567356  rubcn; RUN and cysteine rich domain containing beclin 1 interacting protein [KO:K19330]
100567364  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100567435  epg5; ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
100567445  prkaa1; protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100567468  rras; related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog [KO:K07830]
100567587  tp53inp2; tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
100567619  smcr8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 8 [KO:K23611]
100567629  [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100567755  stx17; syntaxin 17 [KO:K08491]
100568038  itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
100568053  becn1; beclin 1 [KO:K08334]
100568233  ppp2ca; protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100568252  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103278256  bnip3; BCL2 interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
103279522  prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103279765  irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
103281043  atg16l2; autophagy related 16 like 2 [KO:K20868]
103281529  [KO:K15464]
103281581  [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
103281633  lamp2; lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K06528]
103282127  atg2a; autophagy related 2A [KO:K17906]
103282162  [KO:K16172]
103282196  [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103282854  vps11; VPS11, CORVET/HOPS core subunit [KO:K20179]
107982988  [KO:K02927]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
acs04010  MAPK signaling pathway
acs04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
acs04142  Lysosome
acs04150  mTOR signaling pathway
acs04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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