KEGG   PATHWAY: ecb05010
Entry
ecb05010                    Pathway                                
Name
Alzheimer disease - Equus caballus (horse)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
ecb05010  Alzheimer disease
ecb05010

Organism
Equus caballus (horse) [GN:ecb]
Gene
100068314  ADAM10; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 isoform X1 [KO:K06704] [EC:3.4.24.81]
100072496  ADAM17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 precursor [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
100066294  APP; amyloid-beta A4 protein isoform X3 [KO:K04520]
100065540  NAE1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit isoform X2 [KO:K04532]
100069964  APBB1; amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04529]
100033897  GAPDH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
100071137  BACE1; beta-secretase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04521] [EC:3.4.23.46]
100058700  BACE2; beta-secretase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07747] [EC:3.4.23.45]
100054417  RTN3; reticulon-3 isoform X1 [KO:K20723]
100066612  RTN4; reticulon-4 isoform X4 [KO:K20720]
100051536  PSENEN; gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2 [KO:K06170]
100050164  PSEN1; presenilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04505] [EC:3.4.23.-]
100054506  PSEN2; presenilin-2 isoform X3 [KO:K04522] [EC:3.4.23.-]
100058515  NCSTN; nicastrin [KO:K06171]
100054581  APH1A; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A isoform X2 [KO:K06172]
100067205  APH1B; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1B [KO:K06172]
100071303  IDE; insulin-degrading enzyme isoform X2 [KO:K01408] [EC:3.4.24.56]
100053541  MME; neprilysin isoform X1 [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
100054638  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X8 [KO:K04380]
807846  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807844  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807855  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807852  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807851  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807853  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807848  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100059569  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100054445  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100057691  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X4 [KO:K03944]
100058835  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
100061811  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
111772123  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2-like [KO:K03946]
111767785  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2-like [KO:K03946]
111767790  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
100052169  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
100052985  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
106783042  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
100071532  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
100066991  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
100067562  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
100051504  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
100057698  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
100069079  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03955]
100065070  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
100146253  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
100630425  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
100064695  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
100067936  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
100070815  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
100058402  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
100630340  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
100064992  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 isoform X2 [KO:K03963]
100060451  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
100057623  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
100065553  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
100060719  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
100066330  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100066089  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100058223  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100063168  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937]
100054377  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
100071879  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
100068855  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100053392  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100629515  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
100630892  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
100034244  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100050091  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100065940  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00236]
100629334  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
100053634  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
807847  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
100146668  CYC1; cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
100053786  UQCRC1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00414]
100057847  UQCRC2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
100051878  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00416]
100059627  UQCRB; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
111767815  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
100630846  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
100147519  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
807856  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
807850  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
807845  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
100053548  COX4I2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
100056171  COX4I1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
100051391  COX5A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
100061973  COX5B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
100053420  COX6A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
100063197  COX6A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
100051249  COX6B1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
102149678  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
100055813  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
100053736  COX7A2L; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100630209  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC100630209 [KO:K02270]
106782100  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100630758  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
100629332  COX7B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
100630549  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
111770393  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
111775959  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
100053178  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
100059825  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
100069978  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K02136]
100146850  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
100630568  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
807854  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
100058893  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
100069523  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
100053347  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
100064131  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
100052170  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02138]
100052131  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
100066379  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
807849  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
100060335  HSD17B10; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 isoform X2 [KO:K08683] [EC:1.1.1.35 1.1.1.178]
100061820  PPID; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D [KO:K05864] [EC:5.2.1.8]
100062974  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
100064276  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
100050036  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
100050762  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
100059103  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
100071908  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
100146128  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
100073016  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
100055358  LPL; lipoprotein lipase isoform X1 [KO:K01059] [EC:3.1.1.34]
100065481  APOE; apolipoprotein E [KO:K04524]
100052936  LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04550]
100071639  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
100059548  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
100061802  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
100066502  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
100054988  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
100057133  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
100062752  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
100070422  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
100071150  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
100629145  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
100064482  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
100052798  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K02183]
100057357  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100067434  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X4 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100072862  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100061874  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
102148270  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
100055447  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
100053958  CYCS; cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
111768755  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
100052552  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
100054331  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
100034083  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100064117  CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
100056633  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
100057856  CHRM5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
100060364  GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
100063136  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
100057315  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100051558  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100055407  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100051485  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100059861  GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
100051329  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209]
100063746  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
100052410  GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211]
102148904  GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
100049924  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
100051186  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
100062861  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
100034092  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
100060521  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 isoform X2 [KO:K04809]
100072824  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
100057701  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100066173  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100071830  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
100052808  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
100064557  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
100053019  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
100064403  ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100072684  ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X4 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
791242  ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111773414  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
100059209  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
100053417  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
100064339  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100066488  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100068006  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100073186  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100147230  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100052608  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100057961  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100051798  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100052709  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100070334  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
100050805  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X2 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100064293  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100050569  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 isoform X1 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100064417  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100057828  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100061457  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100056224  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100050987  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100072870  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100067317  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100068477  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100055325  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100052570  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100051957  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100059821  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100058456  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
100062573  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
100064604  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
100049903  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
100051468  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
100053987  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
100059081  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
100057015  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X2 [KO:K03032]
100147612  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
100058668  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
100063689  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
100071770  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
100055920  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
100067363  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
100050948  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
100216429  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029]
100051409  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 isoform X2 [KO:K03030]
100064192  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
102150324  SEM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
100069290  caspase-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100051079  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
100051106  CAPN1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
100055184  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
100071764  CDK5R1; cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 [KO:K11716]
100072701  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
100146878  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
100062274  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
100147065  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
100052215  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
100147463  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
100061379  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
100067821  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 isoform X1 [KO:K14714]
100053161  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
100054925  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X1 [KO:K14716]
100052800  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
100056009  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
100058004  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
100052385  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X5 [KO:K21398]
100063442  CDK5; cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 [KO:K02090] [EC:2.7.11.22]
100061033  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X6 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
100068258  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
100071881  DKK1; dickkopf-related protein 1 precursor [KO:K02165]
100064408  DKK2; dickkopf-related protein 2 [KO:K02165]
100054568  DKK4; dickkopf-related protein 4 [KO:K02165]
100058859  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
100063931  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b [KO:K00182]
100056092  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 precursor [KO:K00182]
100049880  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
100061145  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
100071678  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 isoform X1 [KO:K00408]
100056017  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
100059157  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
100058824  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 isoform X1 [KO:K00445]
100053027  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
100055450  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
111768287  protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
100070360  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
100072609  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a isoform X3 [KO:K00714]
100061110  WNT9A; protein Wnt-9a isoform X1 [KO:K01064]
100063730  WNT9B; protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
100051649  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
111773843  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
100064184  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
100071393  WNT16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
102147960  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
106783041  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
100050809  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
100054732  FZD3; frizzled-3 [KO:K02329]
100050465  FZD4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
100146215  FZD5; frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
111771171  FZD8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
100056351  FZD6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
100062909  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
100061635  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
100063409  LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
100147353  LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
100055155  casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100061612  DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
100147200  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
100147654  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
111773577  FRAT1; proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
111773573  FRAT2; GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
100063080  CSNK2A2; casein kinase II subunit alpha' isoform X1 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100067965  CSNK2A1; casein kinase II subunit alpha [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100058658  CSNK2B; casein kinase II subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K03115]
100065116  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
100630049  AXIN2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
100064431  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein [KO:K02085]
100147102  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
100055241  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
100060556  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform X2 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100061228  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
100050542  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
100056413  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
100055017  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
100055290  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
100147291  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
100052297  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
100059285  tubulin alpha-1D chain [KO:K07374]
100051840  TUBA1A; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
100051901  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
100052388  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100054576  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X2 [KO:K07374]
100065732  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100059249  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
100146855  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
100059091  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
100072403  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100050361  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
100056684  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
100051013  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
100058421  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
100629875  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
100059595  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
100065776  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
111772826  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
100051699  AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
100055481  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
100064473  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100051785  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
100059469  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100061212  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100065760  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X2 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100051110  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100065996  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100063190  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100146916  NOX1; NADPH oxidase 1 [KO:K08008]
100050132  CYBB; cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
100050321  NOX4; NADPH oxidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K21423] [EC:1.6.3.-]
100057483  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
100067894  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X4 [KO:K02580]
791246  NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
791253  PTGS2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
100033834  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
100034196  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
100064969  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha precursor [KO:K04383]
100034237  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
100052414  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
111768185  interleukin-1 beta-like [KO:K04519]
100146493  CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453]
100053270  SNCA; alpha-synuclein isoform X4 [KO:K04528]
100147679  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100070393  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100050167  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100058432  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
111776000  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
100066248  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100061987  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100146249  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
100069009  insulin receptor substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17445]
100059954  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
100052122  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100050227  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
100146348  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100051623  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100058141  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100051753  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100064671  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100054961  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100061130  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100051341  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X3 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100073154  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100062689  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 isoform X2 [KO:K19730]
100050734  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 [KO:K08331]
100050327  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
100050652  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X5 [KO:K17985]
100060790  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
100052295  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
100052647  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100050443  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
100072436  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
100053039  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
100050653  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X4 [KO:K17906]
100054652  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100053194  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17908]
100060823  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00038  Zinc cation
C00070  Copper
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01319  Hg
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C14818  Fe2+
C16514  Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515  Amyloid beta protein 42
C16845  Peroxynitrite
C19610  Manganese(2+)
C21011  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
C21013  [Protein]-pyrraline
C21014  [Protein]-pentosidine
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Apoptotic mechanisms in Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: cause or effect?
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J Clin Invest 114:23-7 (2004)
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Mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease.
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J Pharmacol Sci 97:312-6 (2005)
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Trends Neurosci 31:454-63 (2008)
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Neurochem Int 52:621-33 (2008)
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Calcium channel blockers and Alzheimer's disease.
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Nat Rev Neurosci 2:595-8 (2001)
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Physiol Behav 92:93-7 (2007)
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Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44:1983-6 (2012)
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Cell Calcium 50:303-9 (2011)
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J Cell Biol 163:27-33 (2003)
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Front Neurosci 9:204 (2015)
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Related
pathway
ecb00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
ecb03050  Proteasome
ecb04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ecb04140  Autophagy - animal
ecb04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ecb04210  Apoptosis
ecb04310  Wnt signaling pathway
ecb04910  Insulin signaling pathway
ecb04933  AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway
ko05010   

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Genome (1)   
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