KEGG   PATHWAY: shr04973
Entry
shr04973                    Pathway                                
Name
Carbohydrate digestion and absorption - Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil)
Description
Dietary carbohydrate in humans and omnivorous animals is a major nutrient. The carbohydrates that we ingest vary from the lactose in milk to complex carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are digested to monosaccharides, mostly glucose, galactose and fructose, prior to absorption in the small intestine. Glucose and galactose are initially transported into the enterocyte by SGLT1 located in the apical brush border membrane and then exit through the basolateral membrane by either GLUT2 or exocytosis. In a new model of intestinal glucose absorption, transport by SGLT1 induces rapid insertion and activation of GLUT2 in the brush border membrane by a PKC betaII-dependent mechanism. Moreover, trafficking of apical GLUT2 is rapidly up-regulated by glucose and artificial sweeteners, which act through T1R2 + T1R3/alpha-gustducin to activate PLC-beta2 and PKC-beta II. Fructose is transported separately by the brush border GLUT5 and then released out of the enterocyte into the blood by GLUT2.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
shr04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
shr04973

Other DBs
GO: 0044245 0001951
Organism
Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil) [GN:shr]
Gene
100917086  pancreatic alpha-amylase [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
100933904  LCT; lactase-phlorizin hydrolase [KO:K01229] [EC:3.2.1.108 3.2.1.62]
100935157  MGAM; maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal [KO:K12047] [EC:3.2.1.20 3.2.1.3]
105750789  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal [KO:K12047] [EC:3.2.1.20 3.2.1.3]
100932100  SI; sucrase-isomaltase, intestinal [KO:K01203] [EC:3.2.1.48 3.2.1.10]
100922027  SLC5A1; sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 [KO:K14158]
100922123  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100928210  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100914130  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100918637  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2-like isoform X2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100935132  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
100915285  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
100915426  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
100915602  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
100929307  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K01538]
100923865  SLC2A2; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2 [KO:K07593]
100926799  HK1; hexokinase-1 isoform X4 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
100919294  HK3; hexokinase-3 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
100930478  hexokinase-2 isoform X1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
116421983  HKDC1; hexokinase HKDC1 isoform X1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
100916715  SLC37A4; glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A4 isoform X2 [KO:K08171]
100930187  G6PC3; glucose-6-phosphatase 3 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
100925165  G6PC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glucose-6-phosphatase 2 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
100916128  G6PC; glucose-6-phosphatase [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
100934094  SLC2A5; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5 [KO:K08143]
100926892  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100924976  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
100935230  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100929811  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100932099  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105749979  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100917987  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100913262  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100925440  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100919750  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
100924022  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100917943  TAS1R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: taste receptor type 1 member 2 [KO:K04625]
100932344  TAS1R3; taste receptor type 1 member 3 [KO:K04626]
100916482  GNAT3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K19729]
100922938  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100934049  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100934311  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100929015  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00031  D-Glucose
C00033  Acetate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00089  Sucrose
C00092  D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C00095  D-Fructose
C00124  D-Galactose
C00163  Propanoate
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00208  Maltose
C00238  Potassium cation
C00243  Lactose
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00369  Starch
C00707  Xylan
C00714  Pectin
C00760  Cellulose
C01330  Sodium cation
C01355  Fructan
C01835  Maltotriose
C02049  Limit dextrin
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C08822  Gum arabic
C12284  Saccharin sodium anhydrous
C12285  Sucralose
Reference
PMID:16586532
  Authors
Drozdowski LA, Thomson AB
  Title
Intestinal sugar transport.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 12:1657-70 (2006)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i11.1657
Reference
PMID:14642859
  Authors
Wright EM, Martin MG, Turk E
  Title
Intestinal absorption in health and disease--sugars.
  Journal
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 17:943-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S1521-6918(03)00107-0
Reference
PMID:18393659
  Authors
Kellett GL, Brot-Laroche E, Mace OJ, Leturque A
  Title
Sugar absorption in the intestine: the role of GLUT2.
  Journal
Annu Rev Nutr 28:35-54 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155518
Reference
PMID:19001049
  Authors
Mace OJ, Lister N, Morgan E, Shepherd E, Affleck J, Helliwell P, Bronk JR, Kellett GL, Meredith D, Boyd R, Pieri M, Bailey PD, Pettcrew R, Foley D
  Title
An energy supply network of nutrient absorption coordinated by calcium and T1R taste receptors in rat small intestine.
  Journal
J Physiol 587:195-210 (2009)
DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.159616
Reference
PMID:16186415
  Authors
Kellett GL, Brot-Laroche E
  Title
Apical GLUT2: a major pathway of intestinal sugar absorption.
  Journal
Diabetes 54:3056-62 (2005)
DOI:10.2337/diabetes.54.10.3056
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:17222166
  Authors
Wright EM, Hirayama BA, Loo DF
  Title
Active sugar transport in health and disease.
  Journal
J Intern Med 261:32-43 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01746.x
Reference
PMID:12512027
  Authors
Santer R, Hillebrand G, Steinmann B, Schaub J
  Title
Intestinal glucose transport: evidence for a membrane traffic-based pathway in humans.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 124:34-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1053/gast.2003.50009
Reference
PMID:11562503
  Authors
Stumpel F, Burcelin R, Jungermann K, Thorens B
  Title
Normal kinetics of intestinal glucose absorption in the absence of GLUT2: evidence for a transport pathway requiring glucose phosphorylation and transfer into the endoplasmic reticulum.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:11330-5 (2001)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.211357698
Reference
PMID:15546855
  Authors
Wright EM, Loo DD, Hirayama BA, Turk E
  Title
Surprising versatility of Na+-glucose cotransporters: SLC5.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 19:370-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00026.2004
Reference
PMID:12750891
  Authors
Uldry M, Thorens B
  Title
The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 447:480-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-003-1085-0
Reference
PMID:7555019
  Authors
Van Beers EH, Buller HA, Grand RJ, Einerhand AW, Dekker J
  Title
Intestinal brush border glycohydrolases: structure, function, and development.
  Journal
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 30:197-262 (1995)
DOI:10.3109/10409239509085143
Reference
PMID:5089892
  Authors
Marsh MN
  Title
Digestive-absorptive functions of the enterocyte.
  Journal
Ann R Coll Surg Engl 48:356-68 (1971)
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:11427691
  Authors
Topping DL, Clifton PM
  Title
Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 81:1031-64 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1031
Related
pathway
shr04530  Tight junction
shr04742  Taste transduction
shr04970  Salivary secretion
shr04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04973   

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Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (43)   
   KEGG GENES (43)   
All databases (44)   

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