KEGG PATHWAY: map04014

PATHWAY: map04014

Entry

map04014                    Pathway

Name

Ras signaling pathway

Description

The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins transduce signals from extracellular growth factors by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activated RAS (RAS-GTP) regulates multiple cellular functions through effectors including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine nucleotide-dissociation stimulator (RALGDS).

Class

Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction

Pathway map

map04014

Ras signaling pathway

Other DBs

GO:

0032318

Reference

PMID:18568040

Authors

Karnoub AE, Weinberg RA

Title

Ras oncogenes: split personalities.

Journal

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:517-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2438

Reference

PMID:12778136

Authors

Malumbres M, Barbacid M

Title

RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years.

Journal

Nat Rev Cancer 3:459-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1097

Reference

PMID:21686117

Authors

Cox AD, Der CJ

Title

Ras history: The saga continues.

Journal

Small GTPases 1:2-27 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/sgtp.1.1.12178

Reference

PMID:12642680

Authors

Cox AD, Der CJ

Title

Ras family signaling: therapeutic targeting.

Journal

Cancer Biol Ther 1:599-606 (2002)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.306

Reference

PMID:17428555

Authors

Rajalingam K, Schreck R, Rapp UR, Albert S

Title

Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1773:1177-95 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.01.012

Reference

PMID:17384584

Authors

Schubbert S, Shannon K, Bollag G

Title

Hyperactive Ras in developmental disorders and cancer.

Journal

Nat Rev Cancer 7:295-308 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2109

Reference

PMID:22233291

Authors

Poulogiannis G, Luo F, Arends MJ

Title

RAS signalling in the colorectum in health and disease.

Journal

Cell Commun Adhes 19:1-9 (2012)
DOI:10.3109/15419061.2011.649380

Reference

PMID:22020205

Authors

Berndt N, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM

Title

Targeting protein prenylation for cancer therapy.

Journal

Nat Rev Cancer 11:775-91 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3151

Reference

PMID:21196257

Authors

Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA

Title

Death pathways triggered by activated Ras in cancer cells.

Journal

Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16:1693-713 (2011)
DOI:10.2741/3814

Reference

PMID:16869784

Authors

Rodriguez-Viciana P, Tetsu O, Oda K, Okada J, Rauen K, McCormick F

Title

Cancer targets in the Ras pathway.

Journal

Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 70:461-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1101/sqb.2005.70.044

Reference

PMID:14663478

Authors

Cox AD, Der CJ

Title

The dark side of Ras: regulation of apoptosis.

Journal

Oncogene 22:8999-9006 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1207111

Reference

PMID:18413813

Authors

Braun BS, Shannon K

Title

Targeting Ras in myeloid leukemias.

Journal

Clin Cancer Res 14:2249-52 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1005

Reference

PMID:20420946

Authors

Pino MS, Chung DC

Title

The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer.

Journal

Gastroenterology 138:2059-72 (2010)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.065

Reference

PMID:12217381

Authors

Schrader JW, Schallhorn A, Grill B, Guo X

Title

Activation of small GTPases of the Ras and Rho family by growth factors active on mast cells.

Journal

Mol Immunol 38:1181-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00060-3

Reference

PMID:22189424

Authors

Ahearn IM, Haigis K, Bar-Sagi D, Philips MR

Title

Regulating the regulator: post-translational modification of RAS.

Journal

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:39-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3255

Reference

PMID:11313946

Authors

Ehrhardt GR, Korherr C, Wieler JS, Knaus M, Schrader JW

Title

A novel potential effector of M-Ras and p21 Ras negatively regulates p21 Ras-mediated gene induction and cell growth.

Journal

Oncogene 20:188-97 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1204053

Reference

PMID:16966426

Authors

Goldfinger LE, Ptak C, Jeffery ED, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Ginsberg MH

Title

RLIP76 (RalBP1) is an R-Ras effector that mediates adhesion-dependent Rac activation and cell migration.

Journal

J Cell Biol 174:877-88 (2006)
DOI:10.1083/jcb.200603111

Reference

PMID:23506953

Authors

Kortum RL, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE

Title

Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in thymocytes and T cells.

Journal

Trends Immunol 34:259-68 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2013.02.004

Reference

PMID:15572660

Authors

Roberts DM, Anderson AL, Hidaka M, Swetenburg RL, Patterson C, Stanford WL, Bautch VL

Title

A vascular gene trap screen defines RasGRP3 as an angiogenesis-regulated gene required for the endothelial response to phorbol esters.

Journal

Mol Cell Biol 24:10515-28 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.24.24.10515-10528.2004

Reference

PMID:10712923

Authors

Reuther GW, Der CJ

Title

The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don't fall far from the tree.

Journal

Curr Opin Cell Biol 12:157-65 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0955-0674(99)00071-X

Reference

PMID:21111786

Authors

Fernandez-Medarde A, Santos E

Title

The RasGrf family of mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factors.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1815:170-88 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.11.001

Reference

PMID:18437264

Authors

Iwashita S, Song SY

Title

RasGAPs: a crucial regulator of extracellular stimuli for homeostasis of cellular functions.

Journal

Mol Biosyst 4:213-22 (2008)
DOI:10.1039/b716357f

Reference

PMID:15062121

Authors

Ory S, Morrison DK

Title

Signal transduction: implications for Ras-dependent ERK signaling.

Journal

Curr Biol 14:R277-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.023

Reference

PMID:19091743

Authors

Matheny SA, White MA

Title

Signaling threshold regulation by the Ras effector IMP.

Journal

J Biol Chem 284:11007-11 (2009)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R800082200

Reference

PMID:20602996

Authors

Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J

Title

Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.

Journal

Cell 141:1117-34 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.011

Reference

PMID:22367796

Authors

Skaper SD

Title

The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.

Journal

Methods Mol Biol 846:1-12 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_1

Reference

PMID:34074494

Authors

Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A

Title

The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond.

Journal

Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 361:21-105 (2021)
DOI:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.005

Related
pathway

map04010

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map04015

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map04020

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map04144

Endocytosis

map04151

PI3K-Akt signaling pathway

map04660

T cell receptor signaling pathway

map04720

Long-term potentiation

map04810

Regulation of actin cytoskeleton

KO pathway

ko04014

All links

Chemical substance (7)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (7)   
Gene (310635)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (182)   
   RefGene (310453)   
Literature (27)   
   PubMed (27)   
All databases (310669)   

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