KEGG PATHWAY: map05224

PATHWAY: map05224

Entry

map05224                    Pathway

Name

Breast cancer

Description

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which are based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone subtypes) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), include: hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (luminal A subtype), hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive (luminal B subtype), hormone receptor negative and HER2 positive (HER2 positive), and hormone receptor negative and HER2 negative (basal-like or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)). Hormone receptor positive breast cancers are largely driven by the estrogen/ER pathway. In HER2 positive breast tumours, HER2 activates the PI3K/AKT and the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, and stimulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. In patients suffering from TNBC, the deregulation of various signalling pathways (Notch and Wnt/beta-catenin), EGFR protein have been confirmed. In the case of breast cancer only 8% of all cancers are hereditary, a phenomenon linked to genetic changes in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Somatic mutations in only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3) occurred at >10% incidence across all breast cancers.

Class

Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types

Pathway map

map05224

Breast cancer

Disease

H00031

Breast cancer

Reference

PMID:24649067

Authors

Zhang MH, Man HT, Zhao XD, Dong N, Ma SL

Title

Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer molecular signatures and therapeutic potentials (Review).

Journal

Biomed Rep 2:41-52 (2014)
DOI:10.3892/br.2013.187

Reference

PMID:27390604

Authors

Dai X, Xiang L, Li T, Bai Z

Title

Cancer Hallmarks, Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.

Journal

J Cancer 7:1281-94 (2016)
DOI:10.7150/jca.13141

Reference

PMID:20436504

Authors

Schnitt SJ

Title

Classification and prognosis of invasive breast cancer: from morphology to molecular taxonomy.

Journal

Mod Pathol 23 Suppl 2:S60-4 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.33

Reference

PMID:23000897

Authors

Title

Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours.

Journal

Nature 490:61-70 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11412

Reference

PMID:22178455

Authors

Eroles P, Bosch A, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Lluch A

Title

Molecular biology in breast cancer: intrinsic subtypes and signaling pathways.

Journal

Cancer Treat Rev 38:698-707 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.005

Reference

Authors

Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou KA, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG.

Title

Targeting androgen/estrogen receptors crosstalk in cancer

Journal

Trends Cancer 2:35-48 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.001

Reference

Authors

Sharp A, Harper-Wynne C.

Title

Treatment of advanced breast cancer (ABC): the expanding landscape of targeted therapies

Journal

J Cancer Biol Res 2:1036 (2014)

Reference

PMID:24596345

Authors

Byler S, Goldgar S, Heerboth S, Leary M, Housman G, Moulton K, Sarkar S

Title

Genetic and epigenetic aspects of breast cancer progression and therapy.

Journal

Anticancer Res 34:1071-7 (2014)

Reference

PMID:23988612

Authors

Mohamed A, Krajewski K, Cakar B, Ma CX

Title

Targeted therapy for breast cancer.

Journal

Am J Pathol 183:1096-112 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.005

Reference

PMID:22722193

Authors

Ellis MJ, Ding L, Shen D, Luo J, Suman VJ, Wallis JW, Van Tine BA, Hoog J, Goiffon RJ, Goldstein TC, Ng S, Lin L, Crowder R, Snider J, Ballman K, Weber J, Chen K, Koboldt DC, Kandoth C, Schierding WS, McMichael JF, Miller CA, Lu C, Harris CC, McLellan MD, Wendl MC, DeSchryver K, Allred DC, Esserman L, Unzeitig G, Margenthaler J, Babiera GV, Marcom PK, Guenther JM, Leitch M, Hunt K, Olson J, Tao Y, Maher CA, Fulton LL, Fulton RS, Harrison M, Oberkfell B, Du F, Demeter R, Vickery TL, Elhammali A, Piwnica-Worms H, McDonald S, Watson M, Dooling DJ, Ota D, Chang LW, Bose R, Ley TJ, Piwnica-Worms D, Stuart JM, Wilson RK, Mardis ER

Title

Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition.

Journal

Nature 486:353-60 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11143

Reference

PMID:25907219

Authors

Ma CX, Reinert T, Chmielewska I, Ellis MJ

Title

Mechanisms of aromatase inhibitor resistance.

Journal

Nat Rev Cancer 15:261-75 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3920

Reference

PMID:16113099

Authors

Butt AJ, McNeil CM, Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL

Title

Downstream targets of growth factor and oestrogen signalling and endocrine resistance: the potential roles of c-Myc, cyclin D1 and cyclin E.

Journal

Endocr Relat Cancer 12 Suppl 1:S47-59 (2005)
DOI:10.1677/erc.1.00993

Reference

PMID:24111892

Authors

Dasgupta S, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW

Title

Nuclear receptor coactivators: master regulators of human health and disease.

Journal

Annu Rev Med 65:279-92 (2014)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-051812-145316

Reference

PMID:23702927

Authors

Brisken C

Title

Progesterone signalling in breast cancer: a neglected hormone coming into the limelight.

Journal

Nat Rev Cancer 13:385-96 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3518

Reference

PMID:20087430

Authors

Scarpin KM, Graham JD, Mote PA, Clarke CL

Title

Progesterone action in human tissues: regulation by progesterone receptor (PR) isoform expression, nuclear positioning and coregulator expression.

Journal

Nucl Recept Signal 7:e009 (2009)
DOI:10.1621/nrs.07009

Reference

PMID:24291072

Authors

Knutson TP, Lange CA

Title

Tracking progesterone receptor-mediated actions in breast cancer.

Journal

Pharmacol Ther 142:114-25 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.11.010

Reference

PMID:25544707

Authors

Dittrich A, Gautrey H, Browell D, Tyson-Capper A

Title

The HER2 Signaling Network in Breast Cancer--Like a Spider in its Web.

Journal

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 19:253-70 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s10911-014-9329-5

Reference

PMID:21965336

Authors

Higgins MJ, Baselga J

Title

Targeted therapies for breast cancer.

Journal

J Clin Invest 121:3797-803 (2011)
DOI:10.1172/JCI57152

Reference

PMID:26028978

Authors

Mukohara T

Title

PI3K mutations in breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Journal

Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) 7:111-23 (2015)
DOI:10.2147/BCTT.S60696

Reference

PMID:19088017

Authors

Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA

Title

Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets.

Journal

Clin Cancer Res 14:8010-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1208

Reference

PMID:21898546

Authors

King TD, Suto MJ, Li Y

Title

The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.

Journal

J Cell Biochem 113:13-8 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/jcb.23350

Reference

PMID:11737884

Authors

Brown AM

Title

Wnt signaling in breast cancer: have we come full circle?

Journal

Breast Cancer Res 3:351-5 (2001)
DOI:10.1186/bcr321

Reference

PMID:21076461

Authors

Geyer FC, Lacroix-Triki M, Savage K, Arnedos M, Lambros MB, MacKay A, Natrajan R, Reis-Filho JS

Title

beta-Catenin pathway activation in breast cancer is associated with triple-negative phenotype but not with CTNNB1 mutation.

Journal

Mod Pathol 24:209-31 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.205

Reference

PMID:20971825

Authors

Al-Hussaini H, Subramanyam D, Reedijk M, Sridhar SS

Title

Notch signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Journal

Mol Cancer Ther 10:9-15 (2011)
DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0677

Reference

PMID:26968398

Authors

Rangel MC, Bertolette D, Castro NP, Klauzinska M, Cuttitta F, Salomon DS

Title

Developmental signaling pathways regulating mammary stem cells and contributing to the etiology of triple-negative breast cancer.

Journal

Breast Cancer Res Treat 156:211-26 (2016)
DOI:10.1007/s10549-016-3746-7

Reference

PMID:26040571

Authors

Jamdade VS, Sethi N, Mundhe NA, Kumar P, Lahkar M, Sinha N

Title

Therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer: a review.

Journal

Br J Pharmacol 172:4228-37 (2015)
DOI:10.1111/bph.13211

Reference

PMID:23196196

Authors

Karamboulas C, Ailles L

Title

Developmental signaling pathways in cancer stem cells of solid tumors.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1830:2481-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.008

Reference

PMID:23881035

Authors

Ignatiadis M, Sotiriou C

Title

Luminal breast cancer: from biology to treatment.

Journal

Nat Rev Clin Oncol 10:494-506 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.124

Reference

PMID:25013431

Authors

Shin SJ, Gong G, Lee HJ, Kang J, Bae YK, Lee A, Cho EY, Lee JS, Suh KS, Lee DW, Jung WH

Title

Positive expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is associated with a positive hormone receptor status and a favorable prognosis in breast cancer.

Journal

J Breast Cancer 17:113-20 (2014)
DOI:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.2.113

Reference

PMID:11879567

Authors

Gasco M, Shami S, Crook T

Title

The p53 pathway in breast cancer.

Journal

Breast Cancer Res 4:70-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/bcr426

Reference

PMID:15343273

Authors

Narod SA, Foulkes WD

Title

BRCA1 and BRCA2: 1994 and beyond.

Journal

Nat Rev Cancer 4:665-76 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1431

Related
pathway

map03440

Homologous recombination

map04010

MAPK signaling pathway

map04110

Cell cycle

map04115

p53 signaling pathway

map04151

PI3K-Akt signaling pathway

map04310

Wnt signaling pathway

map04330

Notch signaling pathway

map04915

Estrogen signaling pathway

KO pathway

ko05224

All links

Chemical substance (3)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (3)   
Gene (126043)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (105)   
   RefGene (125938)   
Literature (29)   
   PubMed (29)   
All databases (126075)   

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