PMID:
     7553660
Authors:
     Gunthert U, Stauder R, Mayer B, Terpe HJ, Finke L, Friedrichs K.
Title:
     Are CD44 variant isoforms involved in human tumour progression?
Journal:
     Cancer Surv. 1995;24:19-42.
Abstract:
     The transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 exists in a variety of isoforms generated by 
     alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA. In a rat metastasis model, certain variant 
     isoforms (containing exon 6v) are causally involved in lung metastasis formation. 
     We have summarized the data obtained to date on the expression of CD44 variant 
     isoforms in human tumour progression. In non-Hodgkin lymphomas, expression of 
     exon 6v containing isoforms is an independent prognostic factor indicating an 
     adverse prognosis. Upregulation of exon 9v containing isoforms in gastric and 
     renal cell carcinomas relates to a poor prognosis of patients. In colorectal 
     carcinomas, CD44-9v isoforms are strongly expressed already in early adenomas; 
     CD44-6v isoforms are upregulated in late adenomas along with ras and TP53 
     mutations. No expression of variant isoforms has been detectable in 
     neuroblastomas, but significant downregulation of CD44s correlates inversely with 
     tumour progression and N-myc amplification. Only in breast carcinoma has no 
     correlation of CD44 expression with survival or any other prognostic marker been 
     established. Evaluation of CD44 isoform expression by immunohistochemistry in 
     cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, gastric, colon and renal cell carcinomas, as well 
     as neuroblastomas, may be a useful diagnostic parameter indicating invasive 
     processes.

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