ID GLRX2_RAT Reviewed; 157 AA.
AC Q6AXW1;
DT 30-AUG-2005, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 30-AUG-2005, sequence version 2.
DT 24-JAN-2024, entry version 135.
DE RecName: Full=Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=Glrx2; Synonyms=Grx2;
OS Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC Murinae; Rattus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=10116;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Brown Norway;
RX PubMed=15057822; DOI=10.1038/nature02426;
RA Gibbs R.A., Weinstock G.M., Metzker M.L., Muzny D.M., Sodergren E.J.,
RA Scherer S., Scott G., Steffen D., Worley K.C., Burch P.E., Okwuonu G.,
RA Hines S., Lewis L., Deramo C., Delgado O., Dugan-Rocha S., Miner G.,
RA Morgan M., Hawes A., Gill R., Holt R.A., Adams M.D., Amanatides P.G.,
RA Baden-Tillson H., Barnstead M., Chin S., Evans C.A., Ferriera S.,
RA Fosler C., Glodek A., Gu Z., Jennings D., Kraft C.L., Nguyen T.,
RA Pfannkoch C.M., Sitter C., Sutton G.G., Venter J.C., Woodage T., Smith D.,
RA Lee H.-M., Gustafson E., Cahill P., Kana A., Doucette-Stamm L.,
RA Weinstock K., Fechtel K., Weiss R.B., Dunn D.M., Green E.D.,
RA Blakesley R.W., Bouffard G.G., De Jong P.J., Osoegawa K., Zhu B., Marra M.,
RA Schein J., Bosdet I., Fjell C., Jones S., Krzywinski M., Mathewson C.,
RA Siddiqui A., Wye N., McPherson J., Zhao S., Fraser C.M., Shetty J.,
RA Shatsman S., Geer K., Chen Y., Abramzon S., Nierman W.C., Havlak P.H.,
RA Chen R., Durbin K.J., Egan A., Ren Y., Song X.-Z., Li B., Liu Y., Qin X.,
RA Cawley S., Cooney A.J., D'Souza L.M., Martin K., Wu J.Q.,
RA Gonzalez-Garay M.L., Jackson A.R., Kalafus K.J., McLeod M.P.,
RA Milosavljevic A., Virk D., Volkov A., Wheeler D.A., Zhang Z., Bailey J.A.,
RA Eichler E.E., Tuzun E., Birney E., Mongin E., Ureta-Vidal A., Woodwark C.,
RA Zdobnov E., Bork P., Suyama M., Torrents D., Alexandersson M., Trask B.J.,
RA Young J.M., Huang H., Wang H., Xing H., Daniels S., Gietzen D., Schmidt J.,
RA Stevens K., Vitt U., Wingrove J., Camara F., Mar Alba M., Abril J.F.,
RA Guigo R., Smit A., Dubchak I., Rubin E.M., Couronne O., Poliakov A.,
RA Huebner N., Ganten D., Goesele C., Hummel O., Kreitler T., Lee Y.-A.,
RA Monti J., Schulz H., Zimdahl H., Himmelbauer H., Lehrach H., Jacob H.J.,
RA Bromberg S., Gullings-Handley J., Jensen-Seaman M.I., Kwitek A.E.,
RA Lazar J., Pasko D., Tonellato P.J., Twigger S., Ponting C.P., Duarte J.M.,
RA Rice S., Goodstadt L., Beatson S.A., Emes R.D., Winter E.E., Webber C.,
RA Brandt P., Nyakatura G., Adetobi M., Chiaromonte F., Elnitski L.,
RA Eswara P., Hardison R.C., Hou M., Kolbe D., Makova K., Miller W.,
RA Nekrutenko A., Riemer C., Schwartz S., Taylor J., Yang S., Zhang Y.,
RA Lindpaintner K., Andrews T.D., Caccamo M., Clamp M., Clarke L., Curwen V.,
RA Durbin R.M., Eyras E., Searle S.M., Cooper G.M., Batzoglou S., Brudno M.,
RA Sidow A., Stone E.A., Payseur B.A., Bourque G., Lopez-Otin C., Puente X.S.,
RA Chakrabarti K., Chatterji S., Dewey C., Pachter L., Bray N., Yap V.B.,
RA Caspi A., Tesler G., Pevzner P.A., Haussler D., Roskin K.M., Baertsch R.,
RA Clawson H., Furey T.S., Hinrichs A.S., Karolchik D., Kent W.J.,
RA Rosenbloom K.R., Trumbower H., Weirauch M., Cooper D.N., Stenson P.D.,
RA Ma B., Brent M., Arumugam M., Shteynberg D., Copley R.R., Taylor M.S.,
RA Riethman H., Mudunuri U., Peterson J., Guyer M., Felsenfeld A., Old S.,
RA Mockrin S., Collins F.S.;
RT "Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian
RT evolution.";
RL Nature 428:493-521(2004).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC TISSUE=Testis;
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [3]
RP ALTERNATIVE SPLICING (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2).
RX PubMed=11397793; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m100020200;
RA Gladyshev V.N., Liu A., Novoselov S.V., Krysan K., Sun Q.-A., Kryukov V.M.,
RA Kryukov G.V., Lou M.F.;
RT "Identification and characterization of a new mammalian glutaredoxin
RT (thioltransferase), Grx2.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 276:30374-30380(2001).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates the
CC maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of
CC apoptosis by oxidative stress. Involved in response to hydrogen
CC peroxide and regulation of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Acts
CC as a very efficient catalyst of monothiol reactions because of its high
CC affinity for protein glutathione-mixed disulfides. Can receive
CC electrons not only from glutathione (GSH), but also from thioredoxin
CC reductase supporting both monothiol and dithiol reactions. Efficiently
CC catalyzes both glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of
CC mitochondrial complex I, which in turn regulates the superoxide
CC production by the complex. Overexpression decreases the susceptibility
CC to apoptosis and prevents loss of cardiolipin and cytochrome c release
CC (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: The 2Fe-2S present in the homodimer leads to
CC inactivation of the enzyme. The 2Fe-2S may serve as a redox sensor: the
CC presence of one-electron oxidants or reductants leading to the loss of
CC the 2Fe-2S cluster, subsequent monomerization and activation of the
CC enzyme (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Monomer; active form. Homodimer; inactive form. The homodimer
CC is probably linked by 1 2Fe-2S cluster (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Mitochondrion {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Nucleus {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC Name=1;
CC IsoId=Q6AXW1-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2;
CC IsoId=Q6AXW1-2; Sequence=VSP_015223;
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AABR03084863; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC079292; AAH79292.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001013052.1; NM_001013034.1.
DR RefSeq; XP_006250017.1; XM_006249955.2. [Q6AXW1-1]
DR RefSeq; XP_006250019.1; XM_006249957.3.
DR RefSeq; XP_008767748.1; XM_008769526.2. [Q6AXW1-2]
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q6AXW1; -.
DR SMR; Q6AXW1; -.
DR STRING; 10116.ENSRNOP00000056811; -.
DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q6AXW1; -.
DR jPOST; Q6AXW1; -.
DR PaxDb; 10116-ENSRNOP00000056811; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00000060062.5; ENSRNOP00000056811.2; ENSRNOG00000003385.8. [Q6AXW1-1]
DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00000106322.1; ENSRNOP00000096477.1; ENSRNOG00000003385.8. [Q6AXW1-2]
DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00055001324; ENSRNOP00055001067; ENSRNOG00055000771. [Q6AXW1-1]
DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00060009014; ENSRNOP00060006801; ENSRNOG00060005408. [Q6AXW1-1]
DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00065008628; ENSRNOP00065006091; ENSRNOG00065005766. [Q6AXW1-1]
DR GeneID; 114022; -.
DR KEGG; rno:114022; -.
DR UCSC; RGD:1307950; rat. [Q6AXW1-1]
DR AGR; RGD:1307950; -.
DR CTD; 51022; -.
DR RGD; 1307950; Glrx2.
DR eggNOG; KOG1752; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000162420; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_026126_7_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q6AXW1; -.
DR OMA; INGNCVG; -.
DR OrthoDB; 203654at2759; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q6AXW1; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000002494; Chromosome 13.
DR Bgee; ENSRNOG00000003385; Expressed in frontal cortex and 20 other cell types or tissues.
DR Genevisible; Q6AXW1; RN.
DR GO; GO:0030425; C:dendrite; IDA:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0005759; C:mitochondrial matrix; IDA:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0043025; C:neuronal cell body; IDA:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0005654; C:nucleoplasm; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0051537; F:2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0015035; F:protein-disulfide reductase activity; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071451; P:cellular response to superoxide; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0042542; P:response to hydrogen peroxide; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0010033; P:response to organic substance; ISO:RGD.
DR CDD; cd03419; GRX_GRXh_1_2_like; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.40.30.10; Glutaredoxin; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR002109; Glutaredoxin.
DR InterPro; IPR011899; Glutaredoxin_euk/vir.
DR InterPro; IPR014025; Glutaredoxin_subgr.
DR InterPro; IPR036249; Thioredoxin-like_sf.
DR NCBIfam; TIGR02180; GRX_euk; 1.
DR PANTHER; PTHR46679; -; 1.
DR PANTHER; PTHR46679:SF1; GLUTAREDOXIN-2, MITOCHONDRIAL; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00462; Glutaredoxin; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00160; GLUTAREDOXIN.
DR SUPFAM; SSF52833; Thioredoxin-like; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51354; GLUTAREDOXIN_2; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW 2Fe-2S; Alternative splicing; Disulfide bond; Electron transport;
KW Glutathionylation; Iron; Iron-sulfur; Metal-binding; Mitochondrion;
KW Nucleus; Redox-active center; Reference proteome; Transit peptide;
KW Transport.
FT TRANSIT 1..19
FT /note="Mitochondrion"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CHAIN 20..157
FT /note="Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial"
FT /id="PRO_0000011631"
FT DOMAIN 50..150
FT /note="Glutaredoxin"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00686"
FT BINDING 61
FT /ligand="[2Fe-2S] cluster"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:190135"
FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners"
FT /note="in inactive form"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT BINDING 67
FT /ligand="glutathione"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57925"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT BINDING 102
FT /ligand="glutathione"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57925"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT BINDING 114
FT /ligand="glutathione"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57925"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT BINDING 146
FT /ligand="[2Fe-2S] cluster"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:190135"
FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners"
FT /note="in inactive form"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT MOD_RES 70
FT /note="S-glutathionyl cysteine; alternate"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT DISULFID 70..73
FT /note="Redox-active; alternate"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT VAR_SEQ 1..33
FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334"
FT /id="VSP_015223"
SQ SEQUENCE 157 AA; 17275 MW; 0CA4BEB5C9D7A572 CRC64;
MSWYRAASVG RRLVASGRIL AGRRGAAGAA GSGMGNSTSS FWGKSATTPV NQIQETISNN
CVVIFSKSSC SYCSMAKKIF HDMNVNYKVV ELDMVEYGSQ FQEALYKMTG ERTVPRIFVN
GIFIGGAADT HRLHKEGKLL PLVHQCYLNK SKRKDVE
//
