| Entry |
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| Name |
protoporphyrinogen oxidase;
protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase;
protoporphyrinogenase;
PPO;
Protox;
HemG;
HemY
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| Class |
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With oxygen as acceptor
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| Sysname |
protoporphyrinogen-IX:oxygen oxidoreductase
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| Reaction(IUBMB) |
protoporphyrinogen IX + 3 O2 = protoporphyrin IX + 3 H2O2 [RN: R03222]
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| Reaction(KEGG) |
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| Substrate |
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| Product |
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| Comment |
This is the last common enzyme in the biosynthesis of chlorophylls and heme [8]. Two isoenzymes exist in plants: one in plastids and the other in mitochondria. This is the target enzyme of phthalimide-type and diphenylether-type herbicides [8]. The enzyme from oxygen-dependent species contains FAD [9]. Also slowly oxidizes mesoporphyrinogen IX.
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| History |
EC 1.3.3.4 created 1978, modified 2003
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| Pathway |
| ec00860 | Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism |
| ec01110 | Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites |
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| Orthology |
| K00231 | protoporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen III oxidase |
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| Genes |
» show all
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Poulson R. |
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| Title |
The enzymic conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX in mammalian mitochondria. |
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| Journal |
J Biol Chem 251:3730-3 (1976) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Poulson R, Polglase WJ. |
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| Title |
The enzymic conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in mitochondrial extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
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| Journal |
J Biol Chem 250:1269-74 (1975) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Dailey HA, Dailey TA |
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| Title |
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase of Myxococcus xanthus. Expression, purification, and characterization of the cloned enzyme. |
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| Journal |
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| Sequence |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Wang KF, Dailey TA, Dailey HA. |
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| Title |
Expression and characterization of the terminal heme synthetic enzymes from the hyperthermophile Aquifex aeolicus. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Corrigall AV, Siziba KB, Maneli MH, Shephard EG, Ziman M, Dailey TA, Dailey HA, Kirsch RE, Meissner PN. |
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| Title |
Purification of and kinetic studies on a cloned protoporphyrinogen oxidase from the aerobic bacterium Bacillus subtilis. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Ferreira GC, Dailey HA. |
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| Title |
Mouse protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Kinetic parameters and demonstration of inhibition by bilirubin. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Dailey TA, Dailey HA |
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| Title |
Human protoporphyrinogen oxidase: expression, purification, and characterization of the cloned enzyme. |
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| Journal |
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| Sequence |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Che FS, Watanabe N, Iwano M, Inokuchi H, Takayama S, Yoshida S, Isogai A |
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| Title |
Molecular characterization and subcellular localization of protoporphyrinogen oxidase in spinach chloroplasts. |
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| Journal |
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| Sequence |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Dailey TA, Dailey HA. |
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| Title |
Identification of an FAD superfamily containing protoporphyrinogen oxidases, monoamine oxidases, and phytoene desaturase. Expression and characterization of phytoene desaturase of Myxococcus xanthus. |
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| Journal |
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| Other DBs |
| ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: | 1.3.3.4 |
| ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: | 1.3.3.4 |
| BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: | 1.3.3.4 |
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