KEGG ENZYME: 3.2.1.62

ENZYME: 3.2.1.62

Entry

EC 3.2.1.62                 Enzyme

Name

glycosylceramidase;
phlorizin hydrolase;
phloretin-glucosidase;
glycosyl ceramide glycosylhydrolase;
cerebrosidase;
phloridzin beta-glucosidase;
lactase-phlorizin hydrolase;
phloridzin glucosidase;
LPH (gene name);
LCT (gene name);
glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase

Class

Hydrolases;
Glycosylases;
Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds

Sysname

beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase (configuration-retaining)

Reaction(IUBMB)

(1) a beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a ceramide + beta-D-glucose [RN:R12969];
(2) a beta-D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a ceramide + beta-D-galactose [RN:R12970];
(3) a flavonoid-O-beta-D-glucoside + H2O = a flavonoid + beta-D-glucose

Reaction(KEGG)

R12969 R12970

Substrate

beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine [CPD:C01190];
H2O [CPD:C00001];
beta-D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine [CPD:C02686];
flavonoid-O-beta-D-glucoside

Product

ceramide [CPD:C00195];
beta-D-glucose [CPD:C00221];
beta-D-galactose [CPD:C00962];
flavonoid [CPD:C01579]

Comment

The enzyme, found in the intestinal mucosa, hydrolyses beta-D-glucosyl and beta-D-galactosyl residues from a very broad range of substrates using a retaining mechanism. Characterized substrates include glucosyl- and galactosyl-ceramides [3], O3-, O4'- and O7-glucosylated flavonoids [6], and the 2'-O-glucosylated dihydrochalcone phlorizin [1]. The enzyme includes two glycosyl hydrolase domains, both belonging to the GH1 family. While one domain is responsible for the activity described here, the other catalyses the reaction of EC 3.2.1.108, lactase [4,5]. cf. EC 3.2.1.45, glucosylceramidase and EC 3.2.1.46, galactosylceramidase.

History

EC 3.2.1.62 created 1972, modified 1976, modified 2022

Orthology

K01229

lactase-phlorizin hydrolase

Genes

HSA:

3938(LCT)

PTR:	459633(LCT)

PPS:	100993974(LCT)

GGO:	101136936(LCT)

PON:	100450303(LCT)

PPYG:

129031450(LCT)

NLE:	100602088(LCT)

HMH:	116462849(LCT)

SSYN:

129472407(LCT)

MCC:	707761(LCT)

MCF:	102141036(LCT)

MTHB:

126932258

MNI:	105492565(LCT)

CSAB:

103216991(LCT)

CATY:

105590352(LCT)

PANU:

101022382(LCT)

TGE:	112636379(LCT)

MLEU:

105532195(LCT)

RRO:	104665436(LCT)

RBB:	108539586(LCT)

TFN:	117095069(LCT)

PTEH:

111527488(LCT)

CANG:

105508813(LCT)

CJC:	100408648(LCT)

SBQ:	101044226(LCT)

CIMI:

108293356(LCT)

ANAN:

105734033(LCT)

CSYR:

103263113(LCT)

MMUR:

105857603(LCT)

LCAT:

123643641(LCT)

PCOQ:

105815373(LCT)

OGA:	100944107(LCT)

MMU:	226413(Lct)

MCAL:

110304188(Lct)

MPAH:

110322545(Lct)

RNO:	116569(Lct)

MCOC:

116098602(Lct)

ANU:	117716486(Lct)

ASYL:

127697811(Lct)

MUN:	110555417(Lct)

CGE:	100766856(Lct)

MAUA:

101828124(Lct)

PROB:

127236450(Lct)

PLEU:

114696961(Lct)

MORG:

121446300 121446324 121446359

MFOT:

126504990

AAMP:

119827729 119827814 119827830

NGI:	103734619(Lct)

HGL:	101697396(Lct)

CPOC:

100732160(Lct)

DORD:

105996629(Lct)

DSP:	122110822(Lct)

DMER:

138838957(Lct)

PLOP:

125350733(Lct)

NCAR:

124980608

MMMA:

107136606(Lct)

ITI:	101957467(Lct)

OCU:	100009256(LPH) 100352497 100353264

OPI:	101519618 101519868 101520351

TUP:	102470311(LCT)

GVR:	103610021(LCT)

CFA:	483898(LCT)

CLUD:

112649763(LCT)

VVP:	112932617(LCT)

VLG:	121481866(LCT)

NPO:	129503765(LCT)

AML:	100484153(LCT)

UMR:	103667712(LCT)

UAH:	113263420(LCT)

UAR:	123782596(LCT)

ELK:

111143551

LLV:

125095933

MPUF:

101676191(LCT)

MNP:	132013924(LCT)

MLK:	131826962(LCT)

NVS:	122902701(LCT)

ORO:	101373825(LCT)

EJU:	114207344(LCT)

ZCA:	113920630(LCT)

MLX:	118012500(LCT)

NSU:	110585741(LCT)

LWW:	102749114(LCT)

FCA:	101092452(LCT)

PYU:	121030495(LCT)

PCOO:

112865772(LCT)

PBG:	122479372(LCT)

PVIV:

125173776(LCT)

LRUF:

124516018

LGF:	123598860(LCT)

AJU:

106969449

PTG:	102949288(LCT)

PPAD:

109270343(LCT)

PUC:

125911425

PLEZ:

122225865(LCT)

HHV:	120230375(LCT)

BTA:	514332(LCT)

BOM:	102279578(LCT)

BIU:	109568203(LCT)

BBUB:

102410227(LCT)

BBIS:

104998486(LCT)

CHX:	102170472(LCT)

OAS:	101104042(LCT)

BTAX:

128043741(LCT)

CSUM:

138077090(LCT)

ODA:	120854489(LCT)

CCAD:

122453560(LCT)

MREE:

136163409(LCT)

OVR:	110128453(LCT)

MBEZ:

129537793(LCT)

SSC:	100625807(LCT) 100625897

CFR:	102513047(LCT)

CBAI:

105083393(LCT)

CDK:	105092305(LCT)

VPC:	102532468(LCT)

BACU:

103003658(LCT)

BMUS:

118897845(LCT)

LVE:	103074579(LCT)

OOR:	101270599(LCT)

LALB:

132522401(LCT)

GMF:	115867074(LCT)

DLE:	111172712(LCT)

PCAD:

102988992(LCT)

PSIU:

116756492(LCT)

PPHC:

136125355(LCT)

NASI:

112412418(LCT)

ECB:	100055369(LCT)

EPZ:	103548925(LCT)

EAI:	106836543(LCT)

MYB:	102246527(LCT)

MYD:	102761793(LCT)

MMYO:

118662079(LCT)

MLF:	102430551(LCT)

MDT:	132238677(LCT)

MYUM:

139015344(LCT)

PKL:	118709739(LCT)

EFUS:

103287808(LCT)

MNA:	107531139(LCT)

DRO:	112313063(LCT)

SHON:

118974532(LCT)

AJM:	119040600(LCT)

PDIC:

114495149(LCT)

PHAS:

123810272(LCT)

MMF:	118625706(LCT)

PPAM:

129061964(LCT)

HAI:	109392715(LCT)

RFQ:	117025498(LCT)

PALE:

102887366(LCT)

PGIG:

120611943(LCT)

PVP:	105288339(LCT)

RAY:	107511200(LCT)

MJV:	108405363(LCT)

TOD:	119255787(LCT)

SARA:

101545875(LCT)

SFUM:

130026852(LCT)

SETR:

126009216(LCT)

LAV:	100661599(LCT)

TMU:

101348169

ETF:	101659833(LCT)

DNM:	101441621(LCT)

MDO:	100016393(LCT)

GAS:	123241493(LCT)

SHR:	100933904(LCT)

AFZ:

127554360

PCW:	110223786(LCT)

TVP:	118837034 118839566(LCT)

PBRV:

138146120(LCT)

MLAO:

141505814(LCT)

OAA:	100084941(LCT)

TACU:

119932068(LCT)

GGA:	424294(LCT)

PCOC:

116227271(LCT)

MGP:	100540699(LCT)

CJO:	107316868(LCT)

TPAI:

128076739 128076758(LCT)

LMUT:

125696719(LCT)

NMEL:

110399364(LCT)

APLA:

101799746(LCT)

ACYG:

106039329(LCT)

CATA:

118252584(LCT)

AFUL:

116490699(LCT)

TGU:	100229941(LCT)

LSR:	110480639(LCT)

SCAN:

103814626(LCT)

PMOA:

120501755(LCT)

OTC:	121337155(LCT)

PRUF:

121356606(LCT)

ATRC:

139593910(LCT)

GFR:	102041259(LCT)

FAB:	101814034(LCT)

OMA:	130255396(LCT)

PHI:	102100057(LCT)

PMAJ:

107207677(LCT)

CCAE:

111932317(LCT)

CCW:	104694217(LCT)

CBRC:

103619703(LCT)

ACOE:

138113206(LCT)

ETL:	114057697(LCT)

ZAB:	102069527(LCT)

ZLE:	135450222(LCT)

ACHL:

103797517(LCT)

SVG:	106849901(LCT)

MMEA:

130573792(LCT)

HRT:	120755091(LCT)

SATI:

136363866(LCT)

CCIC:

134047101(LCT)

FPG:	101921531(LCT)

FCH:	102058755(LCT)

CCRI:

104157657(LCT)

NNT:	104411659(LCT)

SHAB:

115608691(LCT)

ACUN:

113482159(LCT)

TALA:

104368387(LCT)

ACHC:

115342953(LCT)

HALD:

104323141(LCT)

HLE:	104836526(LCT)

AGEN:

126042537

HHAR:

128143999(LCT)

GCL:

127018545

CSTI:

104559163(LCT)

LDI:	104349434(LCT)

MNB:	103775982(LCT)

DPUB:

104296940(LCT)

PPUS:

135182040(LCT)

AVIT:

104277503(LCT)

BRHI:

104488766(LCT)

EGZ:	104129535(LCT)

NNI:	104009760(LCT)

PCRI:

104026793(LCT)

PCAO:

104053764(LCT)

PADL:

103912627(LCT)

AFOR:

103899524(LCT)

FGA:	104076580(LCT)

GSTE:

104255215(LCT)

CBOY:

140657361(LCT)

CLV:	102086420(LCT)

CNIC:

135990308(LCT)

MUI:	104545327(LCT)

PGUU:

104467528(LCT)

PLET:

104616147(LCT)

EHS:	104506311(LCT)

CMAC:

104479709(LCT)

CUCA:

104065226(LCT)

BREG:

104640666(LCT)

OHA:	104333255(LCT)

ACAR:

104532723(LCT)

CPEA:

104391143(LCT)

CVF:	104287949(LCT)

RTD:	128912463(LCT)

CRID:

134519022(LCT)

AAM:	106498455(LCT)

AROW:

112977064(LCT)

NPD:	112948593(LCT)

TGT:	104565650(LCT)

DNE:	112988323(LCT)

SCAM:

104145714(LCT)

ASN:	102370133(LCT)

AMJ:	102576031(LCT)

CPOO:

109323207(LCT)

GGN:	109301357(LCT)

PSS:	102456860(LCT)

CMY:	102946778(LCT)

CCAY:

125645164(LCT)

DCC:	119863237(LCT)

CPIC:

101933763(LCT)

TST:	117885118(LCT)

CABI:

116826106(LCT)

MRV:	120374328(LCT)

ACS:	103279188(lct)

ASAO:

132761769(LCT)

PVT:	110071879(LCT)

SUND:

121925981(LCT)

PBI:	103054678(LCT)

PMUR:

107284386(LCT)

CTIG:

120307504(LCT)

TSR:	106540054(LCT)

PGUT:

117669655(LCT)

PCAE:

139310207(LCT)

APRI:

131203696(LCT)

PTEX:

113445465(LCT)

NSS:	113410676(LCT)

VKO:	123027553(LCT)

PMUA:

114604625(LCT)

PRAF:

128422073(LCT)

ZVI:	118092494(LCT)

HCG:	128328212(LCT)

GJA:	107115411(LCT)

STOW:

125426237(LCT)

EMC:	129324486(LCT)

XLA:	100127248(lct.1.L) 100127291(lct.2.L)

XTR:	100145766(lct.2) 101732850

NPR:	108791336 108791337

RTEM:

120944145 120944146

ACAT:

141147131 141147132 141147133

BBUF:

121008829(LCT) 121008830

BGAR:

122944682 122944685

DTC:

141049280

PWL:	138285309(LCT)

MUO:	115475128(LCT)

GSH:	117361638(LCT)

DRE:	559107 796436(lct)

SRX:	107739717 107741586

SANH:

107688954 107704822

SGH:	107601359 107601360

CCAR:

109045010

CAUA:

113108294 113108295

CGIB:

127964591 127964593

PTET:

122351748 122352042

LROH:

127170782 127170873

GRF:	141340194 141341093 141341094 141341095

OMC:	131546619 131546620 131546621 131546622 131546623

PPRM:

120485547 120487230

RKG:	130084491 130097216 130099787

MAMB:

125245778 125245780 125270691

CIDE:

127510573 127519288

CERY:

137035791

MASI:

127447370

TROS:

130555946

TDW:	130427662 130427691

MANU:

129451496

PDAB:

135733544

IPU:

108266116

IFU:

128609044

PHYP:

113525948(lct)

SMEO:

124380192

TFD:

113654132

TVC:

132850354

CGAR:

128524715

NGRA:

132891353

TRN:

134324696

AMEX:

103029218

CMAO:

118807452

EEE:	113577223(lct)

CHAR:

105907898 105907899

SPIL:

134077965 134077966 134077968 134077969 134077970

TRU:	101076621 115246505

TFS:	130529775 130529793

LCO:	104939725(lct)

NCC:	104954911(lct)

TBEN:

117485876 117485937

CGOB:

115026493(lct)

PGEO:

117466341

GACU:

117541578 117541579

EMAC:

134867246 134867455

ELY:	117248075 117251770

EFO:	125899187 125899188

PLEP:

121949084 121949085

SLUC:

116044576 116044580

ECRA:

117953249

ESP:	116687473(lct)

PFLV:

114563686 114564430

GAT:	120834464 120834490

PPUG:

119229302

AFB:	129104896 129104897

CLUM:

117750622

PSWI:

130202436

CANA:

137783194

CVE:

137872330

MSAM:

119903852

SCHU:

122885239

CUD:	121522156 121522288 121522602

SPUL:

138592224 138592665

LMIX:

132987043 132987517

ALAT:

119025751 119026172

ASTR:

137605455 137605458

MZE:	101465201 101465483

ONL:	100703330 100703603 100703875 102080755

OAU:	116324944 116324945 116324946 116333422

OLA:	101171223(lct)

OML:	112155270 112155271 112155272

CSAI:

133446121

XMA:	102216752 102217013 102223171(lct)

XCO:	114147565 114147571 114147572

XHE:	116722850 116722851 116723643(lct) 116723644

PRET:

103461729

PFOR:

103152094(lct) 103153521

PLAI:

106942509 106945899 106945900

PMEI:

106908439(lct) 106920698

GAF:	122840135 122840136

PPRL:

129374492 129374496

CVG:	107091021(lct) 107091024

CTUL:

119796496 119796544

GMU:	124870853 124870854

NFU:	107389384(lct)

ALIM:

106522267(lct)

NWH:

119418815

AOCE:

111581081

EJA:

138201367

BFRE:

138621002

MCEP:

125017507 125017508 125017509 125017510 125017511 125017512 125017513

CSEM:

103392433(lct)

POV:	109631110 109631322

SSEN:

122759778 122759794

SSOE:

131445268 131445273

HHIP:

117755058

HSP:

118120062

PPLT:

128455525 128456305

SMAU:

118283141 118283173

LCF:

108887081

SDU:	111218818 111218819

SLAL:

111667436 111667458

XGL:

120801628

HCQ:	109515508(lct)

SBIA:

133512064

PEE:

133410607

PTAO:

133486842

ENY:

140359125

MALB:

109966332(lct)

BSPL:

114847775

SJO:	128368328 128368329 128368330

SSCO:

133993294 133993295 133993296

GMH:	115533056(lct)

SASA:

106586119(lct)

STRU:

115160641(lct)

OTW:

112235127

OMY:

110519997

OGO:

124043772

ONE:	115107792(lct)

OKI:	109904123(lct)

OKE:

118367180

OMM:

135519857

OCLA:

139385603

SALP:

111973682(lct)

SNH:

120057744

CCLU:

121536644

ELS:	105005862(lct)

OEP:

134016953

SFM:	108928209(lct)

PKI:	111842887(lct)

AANG:

118222690

AROT:

135250487

CCOG:

133123494

LOC:	102691495(lct)

PSPA:

121323070

ARUT:

117407121

PSEX:

120530640

LCM:	102361997(LCT)

CMK:

103180388

CPLA:

122551934

HOC:

132817335

LERI:

129699039

HAKA:

140714444

PMRN:

116937990(LCT)

LRJ:	133346175(LCT) 133356187

BFO:	118408130 118413613

BBEL:

109468489 109470924

CIN:

104266271

SCLV:

120331019

SPU:

105443141

LPIC:

129264315 129264855 129264857 129265348 129265957 129268212 129268215

AJJ:

139970550

APLC:

110979240

AFIL:

140151705 140151999 140152384 140152385

SKO:

100377377

PFLL:

139132545 139147818 139147819 139148252 139149291 139149297

LGI:	LOTGIDRAFT_174304

PVUL:

126824396 126824536

PCAN:

112561449

LSAX:

138965940 138967580 138973699 138976878 138976880

BGT:	106067751 106069349 106069463

HRF:	124113779 124113782 124151882

HRJ:	124256256 124256662 124256664 124266902

HASI:

137274310 137277882 137277894 137295821

HCRA:

139454886 139472250

CANU:

128187165 128188756

CVN:	111136393 111136395

OED:	125680285 125680292

MYI:

110453818

PMAX:

117332095

AIRR:

138331161 138331283

MCAF:

127712470 127712489

MMER:

123533272 123534954

RPHI:

132735276 132750018

DPOL:

127854839

MAEA:

128231252 128231253

LJP:	135470749 135477119

DGT:

114530441

TWL:

119987970

CJF:

131856272

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:5774775]

Authors

Malathi P, Crane RK.

Title

Phlorizin hydrolase: a beta-glucosidase of hamster intestinal brush border membrane.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 173:245-56 (1969)
DOI:10.1016/0005-2736(69)90108-4

Reference

2 [PMID:5082068]

Authors

Lorenz-Meyer H, Blum AL, Haemmerli HP, Semenza G.

Title

A second enzyme defect in acquired lactase deficiency: lack of small-intestinal phlorizin-hydrolase.

Journal

Eur J Clin Invest 2:326-31 (1972)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00658.x

Reference

3 [PMID:4752949]

Authors

Leese HJ, Semenza G.

Title

On the identity between the small intestinal enzymes phlorizin hydrolase and glycosylceramidase.

Journal

J Biol Chem 248:8170-3 (1973)

Reference

4 [PMID:9762914]

Authors

Zecca L, Mesonero JE, Stutz A, Poiree JC, Giudicelli J, Cursio R, Gloor SM, Semenza G.

Title

Intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH): the two catalytic sites; the role of the pancreas in pro-LPH maturation.

Journal

FEBS Lett 435:225-8 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01076-x

Reference

5 [PMID:11106409]

Authors

Arribas JC, Herrero AG, Martin-Lomas M, Canada FJ, He S, Withers SG.

Title

Differential mechanism-based labeling and unequivocal activity assignment of the two active sites of intestinal lactase/phlorizin hydrolase.

Journal

Eur J Biochem 267:6996-7005 (2000)
DOI:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01784.x

Reference

6 [PMID:12594539]

Authors

Nemeth K, Plumb GW, Berrin JG, Juge N, Jacob R, Naim HY, Williamson G, Swallow DM, Kroon PA.

Title

Deglycosylation by small intestinal epithelial cell beta-glucosidases is a critical step in the absorption and metabolism of dietary flavonoid glycosides in humans.

Journal

Eur J Nutr 42:29-42 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00394-003-0397-3

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

3.2.1.62

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

3.2.1.62

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

3.2.1.62

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

3.2.1.62

CAS:

9033-10-7

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Gene (3821)   
   MGENES (633)   
   RefGene (3188)   
Protein sequence (174)   
   UniProt (162)   
   SWISS-PROT (4)   
   RefSeq(pep) (6)   
   PMD (2)   
DNA sequence (12)   
   RefSeq(nuc) (10)   
   GenBank (2)   
Protein domain (5)   
   InterPro (4)   
   PROSITE(DOC) (1)   
All databases (4012)   

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