Entry Name Plant-pathogen interaction
Description Plants lack animal-like adaptive immunity mechanisms, and therefore have evolved a specific system with multiple layers against invading pathogens. The primary response includes the perception of pathogens by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of FLS2 and EFR triggers MAPK signaling pathway that activates defense genes for antimictobial compounds. The increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is also a regulator for production of reactive oxygen species and localized programmed cell death/hypersensitive response. The secondary response is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogens can acquire the ability to suppress PTI by directly injecting effector proteins into the plant cell through secretion systems. In addition, pathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to evade host immune responses using coronatine toxin. Some plants possess specific intracellular surveillance proteins (R proteins) to monitor the presence of pathogen virulence proteins. This ETI occurs with localized programmed cell death to arrest pathogen growth, resulting in cultivar-specific disease resistance.
Class Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptationBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Orthology K13445 race-specific elicitor A9
K13446 disease resistance protein
K13447 respiratory burst oxidase [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
K05391 cyclic nucleotide gated channel, plant
K13448 calcium-binding protein CML
K13420 LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase FLS2 [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K13428 LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase EFR [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K13450 phosphothreonine lyase [EC:4.2.3.-]
K13423 WRKY transcription factor 25
K13424 WRKY transcription factor 33
K13425 WRKY transcription factor 22
K13426 WRKY transcription factor 29
K16224 senescence-induced receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase
K13449 pathogenesis-related protein 1
K13451 type III effector protein AvrPto1
K13452 effector protein HopAB [EC:6.3.2.-]
K13435 serine/threonine-protein kinase Pto
K13453 disease resistance protein
K13432 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI4
K13433 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI5
K13434 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6
K13454 type III effector protein AvrRpm1
K13456 RPM1-interacting protein 4
K13457 disease resistance protein RPM1
K13458 disease resistance protein
K12795 suppressor of G2 allele of SKP1
K09487 heat shock protein 90kDa beta
K04079 molecular chaperone HtpG
K13439 cysteine protease avirulence protein AvrRpt2 [EC:3.4.22.-]
K13459 disease resistance protein RPS2
K13440 cysteine protease avirulence protein AvrPphB [EC:3.4.22.-]
K13460 disease resistance protein RPS5
K18873 pathogen-induced protein kinase
K18874 type III effector protein AvrRps4
K16226 disease resistance protein RPS4
K18875 enhanced disease susceptibility 1 protein
K18876 type III effector protein AvrBs3
K18877 disease resistance protein
K18878 BHLH transcription factor Upa20
K13478 type III effector protein PopP2
K16225 probable WRKY transcription factor 52
K18879 type III effector protein XopD
K23865 transcription factor MYB30
K18834 WRKY transcription factor 1
K18835 WRKY transcription factor 2
K13468 disease resistance protein
K13469 race-specific elicitor A4
K13470 disease resistance protein
K13471 disease resistance protein
K13408 membrane fusion protein
K13409 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, bacterial CvaB/MchF/RaxB
K13437 receptor kinase-like protein
K13473 chitin elicitor-binding protein
K13429 chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1
Compound Reference Authors Zipfel C
Title Pattern-recognition receptors in plant innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Chinchilla D, Shan L, He P, de Vries S, Kemmerling B
Title One for all: the receptor-associated kinase BAK1.
Journal Reference Authors Boller T, He SY
Title Innate immunity in plants: an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens.
Journal Reference Authors Ma W, Smigel A, Verma R, Berkowitz GA
Title Cyclic nucleotide gated channels and related signaling components in plant innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Asai T, Tena G, Plotnikova J, Willmann MR, Chiu WL, Gomez-Gomez L, Boller T, Ausubel FM, Sheen J
Title MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Zipfel C, Felix G
Title Plants and animals: a different taste for microbes?
Journal Reference Authors He P, Shan L, Sheen J
Title Elicitation and suppression of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in plant-microbe interactions.
Journal Reference Authors de Wit PJ
Title How plants recognize pathogens and defend themselves.
Journal Reference Authors Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ
Title Host-microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response.
Journal Reference Authors McHale L, Tan X, Koehl P, Michelmore RW
Title Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards.
Journal Reference Authors Dangl JL, Jones JD
Title Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection.
Journal Reference Authors Jones JD, Dangl JL
Title The plant immune system.
Journal Reference Authors da Cunha L, McFall AJ, Mackey D
Title Innate immunity in plants: a continuum of layered defenses.
Journal Reference Authors Mudgett MB
Title New insights to the function of phytopathogenic bacterial type III effectors in plants.
Journal Reference Authors Ma W, Berkowitz GA
Title The grateful dead: calcium and cell death in plant innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Schulze-Lefert P
Title Plant immunity: the origami of receptor activation.
Journal Reference Authors Van der Biezen EA, Jones JD
Title Plant disease-resistance proteins and the gene-for-gene concept.
Journal Reference Authors Abramovitch RB, Anderson JC, Martin GB
Title Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity.
Journal Related
