Entry |
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Name |
Staphylococcus aureus infection
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Description |
Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness of the immune system: secreting immune modulating proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or lysis, modulating the sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides (such as defensin) by increasing the positive net charge of its cytoplasmic membrane, and expression of superantigens that prevent development of a normal immune response or cause an emetic response when ingested.
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Class |
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial
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Pathway map |
ko05150 | Staphylococcus aureus infection |

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Disease |
H00330 | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) infection |
H00331 | Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus (VRSA) infection |
H01409 | Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infection |
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Orthology |
K14193 | iron-regulated surface determinant protein A |
K14194 | serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein C/D/E |
K03992 | mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 [EC:3.4.21.-] |
K06856 | immunoglobulin heavy chain |
K03986 | complement C1q subcomponent subunit A |
K03987 | complement C1q subcomponent subunit B |
K03988 | complement C1q subcomponent subunit C |
K04009 | C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor |
K04010 | C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 |
K06498 | high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I |
K06472 | low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II-a |
K12560 | low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II-b |
K16824 | low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II-c |
K06463 | low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor III |
K04173 | formyl peptide receptor-like |
K04172 | formyl peptide receptor 1 |
K14196 | immunoglobulin G-binding protein A |
K14197 | immunoglobulin G-binding protein Sbi |
K14199 | staphylococcal complement inhibitor |
K14200 | fibrinogen-binding protein |
K23586 | superantigen-like protein 7 |
K14202 | chemotaxis inhibitory protein |
K14203 | FPRL1 inhibitory protein |
K23587 | superantigen-like protein 5/11 |
K06490 | intercellular adhesion molecule 1 |
K13916 | cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide |
K19079 | cationic antimicrobial peptide transport system ATP-binding protein |
K19080 | cationic antimicrobial peptide transport system permease protein |
K03739 | membrane protein involved in D-alanine export |
K03740 | D-alanine transfer protein |
K11038 | leukocidin/hemolysin toxin family protein |
K11040 | staphylococcal enterotoxin |
K11043 | toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 |
K10784 | T cell receptor alpha chain V region |
K10785 | T-cell receptor beta chain V region |
K04279 | platelet-activating factor receptor |
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Compound |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Foster TJ |
Title |
Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: adhesion, survival and immune evasion. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Foster TJ |
Title |
Immune evasion by staphylococci. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Laarman A, Milder F, van Strijp J, Rooijakkers S |
Title |
Complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Rooijakkers SH, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA |
Title |
Staphylococcal innate immune evasion. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T |
Title |
Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Torres BA, Kominsky S, Perrin GQ, Hobeika AC, Johnson HM |
Title |
Superantigens: the good, the bad, and the ugly. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Atkins KL, Burman JD, Chamberlain ES, Cooper JE, Poutrel B, Bagby S, Jenkins AT, Feil EJ, van den Elsen JM |
Title |
S. aureus IgG-binding proteins SpA and Sbi: host specificity and mechanisms of immune complex formation. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS |
Title |
Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Goodyear CS, Silverman GJ |
Title |
Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged in vivo deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Haupt K, Reuter M, van den Elsen J, Burman J, Halbich S, Richter J, Skerka C, Zipfel PF |
Title |
The Staphylococcus aureus protein Sbi acts as a complement inhibitor and forms a tripartite complex with host complement Factor H and C3b. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A |
Title |
Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB, van Wamel WJ, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA |
Title |
Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Rooijakkers SH, Wu J, Ruyken M, van Domselaar R, Planken KL, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Janssen BJ, van Strijp JA, Gros P |
Title |
Structural and functional implications of the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase stabilized by a staphylococcal inhibitor. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Jongerius I, Kohl J, Pandey MK, Ruyken M, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Rooijakkers SH |
Title |
Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Hair PS, Ward MD, Semmes OJ, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM |
Title |
Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A binds to complement regulator factor I and increases factor I cleavage of C3b. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Higgins J, Loughman A, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Foster TJ |
Title |
Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Laursen NS, Gordon N, Hermans S, Lorenz N, Jackson N, Wines B, Spillner E, Christensen JB, Jensen M, Fredslund F, Bjerre M, Sottrup-Jensen L, Fraser JD, Andersen GR |
Title |
Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM, Fraser JD, Wines BD |
Title |
Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
de Haas CJ, Veldkamp KE, Peschel A, Weerkamp F, Van Wamel WJ, Heezius EC, Poppelier MJ, Van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA |
Title |
Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial antiinflammatory agent. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Prat C, Bestebroer J, de Haas CJ, van Strijp JA, van Kessel KP |
Title |
A new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Bestebroer J, Poppelier MJ, Ulfman LH, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ |
Title |
Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD |
Title |
The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, Peters G, Bretzel RG, Flock JI, Herrmann M, Preissner KT |
Title |
Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Li M, Lai Y, Villaruz AE, Cha DJ, Sturdevant DE, Otto M |
Title |
Gram-positive three-component antimicrobial peptide-sensing system. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mydel P, Krawczyk K, Wojcik K, Puklo M, Lupa B, Suder P, Silberring J, Reed M, Pohl J, Shafer W, McAleese F, Foster T, Travis J, Potempa J |
Title |
Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Fraser JD, Proft T |
Title |
The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Yamaguchi T, Nishifuji K, Sasaki M, Fudaba Y, Aepfelbacher M, Takata T, Ohara M, Komatsuzawa H, Amagai M, Sugai M |
Title |
Identification of the Staphylococcus aureus etd pathogenicity island which encodes a novel exfoliative toxin, ETD, and EDIN-B. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Pazgier M, Hoover DM, Yang D, Lu W, Lubkowski J |
Title |
Human beta-defensins. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Zhang Q, Mousdicas N, Yi Q, Al-Hassani M, Billings SD, Perkins SM, Howard KM, Ishii S, Shimizu T, Travers JB |
Title |
Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid inhibits delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions via the platelet-activating factor receptor. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Lehrer RI |
Title |
Primate defensins. |
Journal |
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Related pathway |
ko04610 | Complement and coagulation cascades |
ko04660 | T cell receptor signaling pathway |
ko04662 | B cell receptor signaling pathway |
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