Entry Name Staphylococcus aureus infection
Description Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness of the immune system: secreting immune modulating proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or lysis, modulating the sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides (such as defensin) by increasing the positive net charge of its cytoplasmic membrane, and expression of superantigens that prevent development of a normal immune response or cause an emetic response when ingested.
Class Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterialBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map ko05150 Staphylococcus aureus infection
Disease H00330 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) infection
H00331 Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus (VRSA) infection
H01409 Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infection
Orthology K03367 dltA; D-alanine--poly(phosphoribitol) ligase subunit 1 [EC:6.1.1.13 ]
K03739 dltB; membrane protein involved in D-alanine export
K03740 dltD; D-alanine transfer protein
K03905 FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain
K03986 C1QA; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A
K03987 C1QB; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B
K03988 C1QG; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C
K03989 C4; complement component 4
K03990 C3; complement component 3
K03991 MBL; mannose-binding lectin
K03992 MASP1; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 [EC:3.4.21.-]
K03994 C5; complement component 5
K04004 CFH, HF1; complement factor H
K04009 C3AR1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor
K04010 C5AR1, CD88; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1
K04172 FPR1; formyl peptide receptor 1
K04173 FPRL; formyl peptide receptor-like
K04279 PTAFR; platelet-activating factor receptor
K05443 IL10, CSIF; interleukin 10
K05718 ITGAL, CD11a; integrin alpha L
K06461 ITGAM, CD11b; integrin alpha M
K06463 FCGR3, CD16; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor III
K06464 ITGB2, CD18; integrin beta 2
K06472 FCGR2A, CD32; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II-a
K06490 ICAM1, CD54; intercellular adhesion molecule 1
K06496 SELP, CD62P; selectin, platelet
K06498 FCGR1A, CD64; high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I
K06513 FCAR, CD89; CD89 antigen
K06544 SELPLG, CD162; selectin P ligand
K06752 MHC2; MHC class II antigen
K06856 IGH; immunoglobulin heavy chain
K07604 KRT1; type I keratin, acidic
K10784 TRAV; T cell receptor alpha chain V region
K10785 TRBV; T-cell receptor beta chain V region
K11038 hlg, luk; leukocidin/hemolysin toxin family protein
K11040 se; staphylococcal enterotoxin
K11041 eta; exfoliative toxin A/B
K11043 tst; toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
K12560 FCGR2B, CD32; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II-b
K13916 CAMP, LL37; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
K14188 dltC; D-alanine--poly(phosphoribitol) ligase subunit 2 [EC:6.1.1.13 ]
K14192 clfB; clumping factor B
K14193 isdA; iron-regulated surface determinant protein A
K14194 sdrC_D_E; serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein C/D/E
K14195 sasG; surface protein G
K14196 spa; immunoglobulin G-binding protein A
K14197 sbi; immunoglobulin G-binding protein Sbi
K14199 scn, scin; staphylococcal complement inhibitor
K14200 fib, efb; fibrinogen-binding protein
K14201 clfA; clumping factor A
K14202 chp, chips; chemotaxis inhibitory protein
K14203 flr, flipr; FPRL1 inhibitory protein
K14205 mprF, fmtC; phosphatidylglycerol lysyltransferase [EC:2.3.2.3 ]
K16824 FCGR2C, CD32; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II-c
K19079 vraF; cationic antimicrobial peptide transport system ATP-binding protein
K19080 vraG; cationic antimicrobial peptide transport system permease protein
K23126 DEFB103; beta-defensin 103
K23586 ssl7, set1; superantigen-like protein 7
K23587 ssl5_11; superantigen-like protein 5/11
Compound Reference Authors Foster TJ
Title Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: adhesion, survival and immune evasion.
Journal Reference Authors Foster TJ
Title Immune evasion by staphylococci.
Journal Reference Authors Laarman A, Milder F, van Strijp J, Rooijakkers S
Title Complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
Journal Reference Authors Rooijakkers SH, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA
Title Staphylococcal innate immune evasion.
Journal Reference Authors Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T
Title Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression.
Journal Reference Authors Torres BA, Kominsky S, Perrin GQ, Hobeika AC, Johnson HM
Title Superantigens: the good, the bad, and the ugly.
Journal Reference Authors Atkins KL, Burman JD, Chamberlain ES, Cooper JE, Poutrel B, Bagby S, Jenkins AT, Feil EJ, van den Elsen JM
Title S. aureus IgG-binding proteins SpA and Sbi: host specificity and mechanisms of immune complex formation.
Journal Reference Authors Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS
Title Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen.
Journal Reference Authors Goodyear CS, Silverman GJ
Title Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged in vivo deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes.
Journal Reference Authors Haupt K, Reuter M, van den Elsen J, Burman J, Halbich S, Richter J, Skerka C, Zipfel PF
Title The Staphylococcus aureus protein Sbi acts as a complement inhibitor and forms a tripartite complex with host complement Factor H and C3b.
Journal Reference Authors Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A
Title Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase.
Journal Reference Authors Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB, van Wamel WJ, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA
Title Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases.
Journal Reference Authors Rooijakkers SH, Wu J, Ruyken M, van Domselaar R, Planken KL, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Janssen BJ, van Strijp JA, Gros P
Title Structural and functional implications of the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase stabilized by a staphylococcal inhibitor.
Journal Reference Authors Jongerius I, Kohl J, Pandey MK, Ruyken M, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Rooijakkers SH
Title Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules.
Journal Reference Authors Hair PS, Ward MD, Semmes OJ, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM
Title Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A binds to complement regulator factor I and increases factor I cleavage of C3b.
Journal Reference Authors Higgins J, Loughman A, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Foster TJ
Title Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Journal Reference Authors Laursen NS, Gordon N, Hermans S, Lorenz N, Jackson N, Wines B, Spillner E, Christensen JB, Jensen M, Fredslund F, Bjerre M, Sottrup-Jensen L, Fraser JD, Andersen GR
Title Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus.
Journal Reference Authors Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM, Fraser JD, Wines BD
Title Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1.
Journal Reference Authors de Haas CJ, Veldkamp KE, Peschel A, Weerkamp F, Van Wamel WJ, Heezius EC, Poppelier MJ, Van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA
Title Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial antiinflammatory agent.
Journal Reference Authors Prat C, Bestebroer J, de Haas CJ, van Strijp JA, van Kessel KP
Title A new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1.
Journal Reference Authors Bestebroer J, Poppelier MJ, Ulfman LH, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ
Title Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling.
Journal Reference Authors Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD
Title The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition.
Journal Reference Authors Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, Peters G, Bretzel RG, Flock JI, Herrmann M, Preissner KT
Title Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes.
Journal Reference Authors Li M, Lai Y, Villaruz AE, Cha DJ, Sturdevant DE, Otto M
Title Gram-positive three-component antimicrobial peptide-sensing system.
Journal Reference Authors Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mydel P, Krawczyk K, Wojcik K, Puklo M, Lupa B, Suder P, Silberring J, Reed M, Pohl J, Shafer W, McAleese F, Foster T, Travis J, Potempa J
Title Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases.
Journal Reference Authors Fraser JD, Proft T
Title The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Yamaguchi T, Nishifuji K, Sasaki M, Fudaba Y, Aepfelbacher M, Takata T, Ohara M, Komatsuzawa H, Amagai M, Sugai M
Title Identification of the Staphylococcus aureus etd pathogenicity island which encodes a novel exfoliative toxin, ETD, and EDIN-B.
Journal Reference Authors Pazgier M, Hoover DM, Yang D, Lu W, Lubkowski J
Title Human beta-defensins.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang Q, Mousdicas N, Yi Q, Al-Hassani M, Billings SD, Perkins SM, Howard KM, Ishii S, Shimizu T, Travers JB
Title Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid inhibits delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions via the platelet-activating factor receptor.
Journal Reference Authors Lehrer RI
Title Primate defensins.
Journal Related ko04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
ko04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
ko04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
