KEGG   PATHWAY: mmu05143
Entry
mmu05143                    Pathway                                
Name
African trypanosomiasis - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and cause neurological damage by inducing cytokines like TNF alpha, IFN gamma, and IL1. These cytokines and other metabolites such as nitric oxide and somnogenic prostaglandin D2 disturb circadian rhythms in patients with African trypanosomiasis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
mmu05143  African trypanosomiasis
mmu05143

Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:mmu]
Gene
81897  Tlr9; toll-like receptor 9 [KO:K10161]
17874  Myd88; myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 [KO:K04729]
50492  Thop1; thimet oligopeptidase 1 [KO:K01392] [EC:3.4.24.15]
16644  Kng1; kininogen 1 [KO:K03898]
385643  Kng2; kininogen 2 [KO:K03898]
230899  Nppa; natriuretic peptide type A [KO:K12334]
11806  Apoa1; apolipoprotein A-I [KO:K08757]
110257  Hba-a2; hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 2 [KO:K13822]
15122  Hba-a1; hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 1 [KO:K13822]
15129  Hbb-b1; hemoglobin, beta adult major chain [KO:K13823]
15130  Hbb-b2; hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain [KO:K13823]
101488143  Hbb-bt; hemoglobin, beta adult t chain [KO:K13823]
100503605  Hbb-bs; hemoglobin, beta adult s chain [KO:K13823]
436003  Hbb-bh2; hemoglobin beta, bh2 [KO:K13823]
16153  Il10; interleukin 10 [KO:K05443]
16159  Il12a; interleukin 12a [KO:K05406]
16160  Il12b; interleukin 12b [KO:K05425]
16173  Il18; interleukin 18 [KO:K05482]
15978  Ifng; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
21926  Tnf; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
16176  Il1b; interleukin 1 beta [KO:K04519]
16193  Il6; interleukin 6 [KO:K05405]
14103  Fasl; Fas ligand [KO:K04389]
14102  Fas; Fas cell surface death receptor [KO:K04390]
22329  Vcam1; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06527]
20339  Sele; selectin, endothelial cell [KO:K06494]
15894  Icam1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
16775  Lama4; laminin, alpha 4 [KO:K06241]
15930  Ido1; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 [KO:K00463] [EC:1.13.11.52]
209176  Ido2; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 [KO:K00463] [EC:1.13.11.52]
14063  F2rl1; F2R like trypsin receptor 1 [KO:K04234]
14682  Gnaq; guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha q polypeptide [KO:K04634]
18795  Plcb1; phospholipase C, beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18797  Plcb3; phospholipase C, beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18798  Plcb4; phospholipase C, beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18796  Plcb2; phospholipase C, beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18750  Prkca; protein kinase C, alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
18751  Prkcb; protein kinase C, beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
18752  Prkcg; protein kinase C, gamma [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00328  L-Kynurenine
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00584  Prostaglandin E2
C00696  Prostaglandin D2
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:19168735
  Authors
Antoine-Moussiaux N, Buscher P, Desmecht D
  Title
Host-parasite interactions in trypanosomiasis: on the way to an antidisease strategy.
  Journal
Infect Immun 77:1276-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1128/IAI.01185-08
Reference
PMID:12088284
  Authors
Enanga B, Burchmore RJ, Stewart ML, Barrett MP
  Title
Sleeping sickness and the brain.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 59:845-58 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-002-8472-0
Reference
PMID:16600243
  Authors
Bisser S, Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer ON, Toure FS, Taoufiq Z, Bouteille B, Buguet A, Mazier D
  Title
Harbouring in the brain: A focus on immune evasion mechanisms and their deleterious effects in malaria and human African trypanosomiasis.
  Journal
Int J Parasitol 36:529-40 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.001
Reference
PMID:17582444
  Authors
Masocha W, Rottenberg ME, Kristensson K
  Title
Migration of African trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
Physiol Behav 92:110-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.045
Reference
PMID:11850009
  Authors
Lonsdale-Eccles JD, Grab DJ
  Title
Trypanosome hydrolases and the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 18:17-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02120-1
Reference
PMID:19016378
  Authors
Grab DJ, Kennedy PG
  Title
Traversal of human and animal trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
J Neurovirol 14:344-51 (2008)
DOI:10.1080/13550280802282934
Reference
PMID:19995590
  Authors
Kristensson K, Nygard M, Bertini G, Bentivoglio M
  Title
African trypanosome infections of the nervous system: parasite entry and effects on sleep and synaptic functions.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 91:152-71 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.12.001
Reference
PMID:19559585
  Authors
Pays E, Vanhollebeke B
  Title
Human innate immunity against African trypanosomes.
  Journal
Curr Opin Immunol 21:493-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.024
Reference
PMID:9574925
  Authors
Donelson JE, Hill KL, El-Sayed NM
  Title
Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion by African trypanosomes.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 91:51-66 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00209-0
Reference
PMID:19621073
  Authors
Grab DJ, Garcia-Garcia JC, Nikolskaia OV, Kim YV, Brown A, Pardo CA, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Wilson BA, de A Lima AP, Scharfstein J, Dumler JS
  Title
Protease activated receptor signaling is required for African trypanosome traversal of human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
  Journal
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e479 (2009)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000479
Reference
PMID:20398209
  Authors
Vanhollebeke B, Pays E
  Title
The trypanolytic factor of human serum: many ways to enter the parasite, a single way to kill.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 76:806-14 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07156.x
Related
pathway
mmu00380  Tryptophan metabolism
mmu04210  Apoptosis
mmu04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
mmu04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
mmu04710  Circadian rhythm
KO pathway
ko05143   

  All links  
Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (39)   
   KEGG GENES (39)   
All databases (40)   

Download RDF
DBGET integrated database retrieval system