KEGG   PATHWAY: mmu05150
Entry
mmu05150                    Pathway                                
Name
Staphylococcus aureus infection - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness of the immune system: secreting immune modulating proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or lysis, modulating the sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides (such as defensin) by increasing the positive net charge of its cytoplasmic membrane, and expression of superantigens that prevent development of a normal immune response or cause an emetic response when ingested.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial
Pathway map
mmu05150  Staphylococcus aureus infection
mmu05150

Disease
H00330  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) infection
H00331  Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus (VRSA) infection
H01409  Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infection
Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:mmu]
Gene
100038927  Defa30; defensin, alpha, 30 [KO:K05230]
100041688  Defa35; defensin, alpha, 35 [KO:K05230]
100041759  Defa41; defensin, alpha, 41 [KO:K05230]
100041787  Defa40; defensin, alpha, 40 [KO:K05230]
100041811  Defa27; defensin, alpha, 27 [KO:K05230]
100041890  Defa32; defensin, alpha, 32 [KO:K05230]
100041895  Defa37; defensin, alpha, 37 [KO:K05230]
100041952  Defa34; defensin, alpha, 34 [KO:K05230]
100294660  Defa2; defensin, alpha, 2 [KO:K05230]
100503970  [KO:K05230]
100504404  H2-Ea; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen E alpha [KO:K06752]
100505096  Defa33; defensin, alpha, 33 [KO:K05230]
100862126  Defa36; defensin, alpha, 36 [KO:K05230]
107656  Krt9; keratin 9 [KO:K07604]
11537  Cfd; complement factor D [KO:K01334] [EC:3.4.21.46]
116746  Defb6; defensin beta 6 [KO:K21100]
12259  C1qa; complement component 1, q subcomponent, alpha polypeptide [KO:K03986]
12260  C1qb; complement component 1, q subcomponent, beta polypeptide [KO:K03987]
12262  C1qc; complement component 1, q subcomponent, C chain [KO:K03988]
12263  C2; complement C2 [KO:K01332] [EC:3.4.21.43]
12266  C3; complement component 3 [KO:K03990]
12267  C3ar1; complement component 3a receptor 1 [KO:K04009]
12268  C4b; complement C4B (Chido blood group) [KO:K03989]
12273  C5ar1; complement component 5a receptor 1 [KO:K04010]
12628  Cfh; complement component factor h [KO:K04004]
12630  Cfi; complement component factor i [KO:K01333] [EC:3.4.21.45]
12796  Camp; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
13214  Defb1; defensin beta 1 [KO:K23125]
13216  Defa1; defensin, alpha 1 [KO:K05230]
13218  Defa29; defensin, alpha, 29 [KO:K05230]
13219  Defa-rs10; defensin, alpha, related sequence 10 [KO:K05230]
13221  Defa-rs12; defensin, alpha, related sequence 12 [KO:K05230]
13222  Defa-rs2; defensin, alpha, related sequence 2 [KO:K05230]
13223  Defa-rs4; defensin, alpha,, related sequence 4 [KO:K05230]
13226  Defa31; defensin, alpha, 31 [KO:K05230]
13236  Defa25; defensin, alpha, 25 [KO:K05230]
13237  Defa3; defensin, alpha, 3 [KO:K05230]
13238  Defa4; defensin, alpha, 4 [KO:K05230]
13239  Defa5; defensin, alpha, 5 [KO:K05230]
13240  Defa6; defensin, alpha, 6 [KO:K05230]
13510  Dsg1a; desmoglein 1 alpha [KO:K07596]
14129  Fcgr1; Fc receptor, IgG, high affinity I [KO:K06498]
14130  Fcgr2b; Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity IIb [KO:K12560]
14131  Fcgr3; Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity III [KO:K06472]
14289  Fpr2; formyl peptide receptor 2 [KO:K04173]
14290  Fpr-rs3; formyl peptide receptor, related sequence 3 [KO:K04173]
14291  Fpr-rs4; formyl peptide receptor, related sequence 4 [KO:K04173]
14293  Fpr1; formyl peptide receptor 1 [KO:K04172]
14294  Fpr3; formyl peptide receptor 3 [KO:K04173]
14960  H2-Aa; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, alpha [KO:K06752]
14961  H2-Ab1; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 [KO:K06752]
14962  Cfb; complement factor B [KO:K01335] [EC:3.4.21.47]
14969  H2-Eb1; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen E beta [KO:K06752]
14998  H2-DMa; histocompatibility 2, class II, locus DMa [KO:K06752]
14999  H2-DMb1; histocompatibility 2, class II, locus Mb1 [KO:K06752]
15000  H2-DMb2; histocompatibility 2, class II, locus Mb2 [KO:K06752]
15001  H2-Oa; histocompatibility 2, O region alpha locus [KO:K06752]
15002  H2-Ob; histocompatibility 2, O region beta locus [KO:K06752]
15139  Hc; hemolytic complement [KO:K03994]
15894  Icam1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
16153  Il10; interleukin 10 [KO:K05443]
16408  Itgal; integrin alpha L [KO:K05718]
16409  Itgam; integrin alpha M [KO:K06461]
16414  Itgb2; integrin beta 2 [KO:K06464]
16415  Itgb2l; integrin beta 2-like [KO:K06464]
16660  Krt31; keratin 31 [KO:K07604]
16661  Krt10; keratin 10 [KO:K07604]
16663  Krt13; keratin 13 [KO:K07604]
16664  Krt14; keratin 14 [KO:K07604]
16665  Krt15; keratin 15 [KO:K07604]
16666  Krt16; keratin 16 [KO:K07604]
16667  Krt17; keratin 17 [KO:K07604]
16668  Krt18; keratin 18 [KO:K07604]
16669  Krt19; keratin 19 [KO:K07604]
16670  Krt32; keratin 32 [KO:K07604]
16671  Krt33b; keratin 33B [KO:K07604]
16672  Krt34; keratin 34 [KO:K07604]
16673  Krt36; keratin 36 [KO:K07604]
16675  Krt27; keratin 27 [KO:K07604]
17174  Masp1; MBL associated serine protease 1 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]
17175  Masp2; MBL associated serine protease 2 [KO:K03993] [EC:3.4.21.104]
17194  Mbl1; mannose-binding lectin (protein A) 1 [KO:K03991]
17195  Mbl2; mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2 [KO:K03991]
18815  Plg; plasminogen [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]
19204  Ptafr; platelet-activating factor receptor [KO:K04279]
20344  Selp; selectin, platelet [KO:K06496]
20345  Selplg; selectin, platelet (p-selectin) ligand [KO:K06544]
211924  Dsg1c; desmoglein 1 gamma [KO:K07596]
225256  Dsg1b; desmoglein 1 beta [KO:K07596]
237934  Krt39; keratin 39 [KO:K07604]
23855  Defa17; defensin, alpha, 17 [KO:K05230]
244332  Defb14; defensin beta 14 [KO:K23126]
246081  Defb11; defensin beta 11 [KO:K23125]
246085  Defb10; defensin beta 10 [KO:K23125]
246256  Fcgr4; Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity IV [KO:K06463]
268482  Krt12; keratin 12 [KO:K07604]
27358  Defb3; defensin beta 3 [KO:K21100]
317677  C1s2; complement component 1, s subcomponent 2 [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]
320864  Krt26; keratin 26 [KO:K07604]
321020  Fpr-rs6; formyl peptide receptor, related sequence 6 [KO:K04173]
321021  Fpr-rs7; formyl peptide receptor, related sequence 7 [KO:K04173]
381091  H2-Eb2; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen E beta2 [KO:K06752]
382000  Defa39; defensin, alpha, 39 [KO:K05230]
382059  Defa22; defensin, alpha, 22 [KO:K05230]
406221  Krt40; keratin 40 [KO:K07604]
497114  Defa23; defensin, alpha, 23 [KO:K05230]
503491  Defa24; defensin, alpha, 24 [KO:K05230]
50908  C1s1; complement component 1, s subcomponent 1 [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]
50909  C1ra; complement component 1, r subcomponent A [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]
53617  Krt35; keratin 35 [KO:K07604]
56519  Defb4; defensin beta 4 [KO:K21100]
625018  C4a; complement C4A (Rodgers blood group) [KO:K03989]
626682  Defa28; defensin, alpha, 28 [KO:K05230]
626708  Defa26; defensin, alpha, 26 [KO:K05230]
634825  Defa38; defensin, alpha, 38 [KO:K05230]
66298  Defa21; defensin, alpha, 21 [KO:K05230]
665927  Defa42; defensin, alpha, 42 [KO:K05230]
665956  Defa43; defensin, alpha, 43 [KO:K05230]
667277  C1rb; complement component 1, r subcomponent B [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]
66809  Krt20; keratin 20 [KO:K07604]
68009  Defa20; defensin, alpha, 20 [KO:K05230]
68239  Krt42; keratin 42 [KO:K07604]
70810  Krt25; keratin 25 [KO:K07604]
70843  Krt28; keratin 28 [KO:K07604]
71888  Krt33a; keratin 33A [KO:K07604]
75706  Krt24; keratin 24 [KO:K07604]
94179  Krt23; keratin 23 [KO:K07604]
99571  Fgg; fibrinogen gamma chain [KO:K03905]
Compound
C11596  FMLP
C20898  Lipoteichoic acid
Reference
PMID:20178484
  Authors
Foster TJ
  Title
Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: adhesion, survival and immune evasion.
  Journal
Vet Dermatol 20:456-70 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00825.x
Reference
PMID:16322743
  Authors
Foster TJ
  Title
Immune evasion by staphylococci.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 3:948-58 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1289
Reference
PMID:20062962
  Authors
Laarman A, Milder F, van Strijp J, Rooijakkers S
  Title
Complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
  Journal
J Mol Med 88:115-20 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0572-y
Reference
PMID:16242332
  Authors
Rooijakkers SH, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA
  Title
Staphylococcal innate immune evasion.
  Journal
Trends Microbiol 13:596-601 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2005.10.002
Reference
PMID:16679003
  Authors
Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T
  Title
Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression.
  Journal
J Dermatol Sci 42:203-14 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.03.011
Reference
PMID:11361034
  Authors
Torres BA, Kominsky S, Perrin GQ, Hobeika AC, Johnson HM
  Title
Superantigens: the good, the bad, and the ugly.
  Journal
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 226:164-76 (2001)
DOI:10.1177/153537020122600303
Reference
PMID:18061675
  Authors
Atkins KL, Burman JD, Chamberlain ES, Cooper JE, Poutrel B, Bagby S, Jenkins AT, Feil EJ, van den Elsen JM
  Title
S. aureus IgG-binding proteins SpA and Sbi: host specificity and mechanisms of immune complex formation.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 45:1600-11 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.021
Reference
PMID:16724100
  Authors
Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS
  Title
Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 6:465-75 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1853
Reference
PMID:15273292
  Authors
Goodyear CS, Silverman GJ
  Title
Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged in vivo deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:11392-7 (2004)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0404382101
Reference
PMID:19112495
  Authors
Haupt K, Reuter M, van den Elsen J, Burman J, Halbich S, Richter J, Skerka C, Zipfel PF
  Title
The Staphylococcus aureus protein Sbi acts as a complement inhibitor and forms a tripartite complex with host complement Factor H and C3b.
  Journal
PLoS Pathog 4:e1000250 (2008)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000250
Reference
PMID:16111912
  Authors
Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A
  Title
Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38:504-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.07.005
Reference
PMID:16086019
  Authors
Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB, van Wamel WJ, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA
  Title
Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 6:920-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/ni1235
Reference
PMID:19503103
  Authors
Rooijakkers SH, Wu J, Ruyken M, van Domselaar R, Planken KL, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Janssen BJ, van Strijp JA, Gros P
  Title
Structural and functional implications of the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase stabilized by a staphylococcal inhibitor.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 10:721-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/ni.1756
Reference
PMID:17893203
  Authors
Jongerius I, Kohl J, Pandey MK, Ruyken M, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Rooijakkers SH
  Title
Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules.
  Journal
J Exp Med 204:2461-71 (2007)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20070818
Reference
PMID:18544012
  Authors
Hair PS, Ward MD, Semmes OJ, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM
  Title
Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A binds to complement regulator factor I and increases factor I cleavage of C3b.
  Journal
J Infect Dis 198:125-33 (2008)
DOI:10.1086/588825
Reference
PMID:16640587
  Authors
Higgins J, Loughman A, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Foster TJ
  Title
Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
  Journal
FEMS Microbiol Lett 258:290-6 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00229.x
Reference
PMID:20133685
  Authors
Laursen NS, Gordon N, Hermans S, Lorenz N, Jackson N, Wines B, Spillner E, Christensen JB, Jensen M, Fredslund F, Bjerre M, Sottrup-Jensen L, Fraser JD, Andersen GR
  Title
Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:3681-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0910565107
Reference
PMID:17848512
  Authors
Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM, Fraser JD, Wines BD
  Title
Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:15051-6 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0706028104
Reference
PMID:14993252
  Authors
de Haas CJ, Veldkamp KE, Peschel A, Weerkamp F, Van Wamel WJ, Heezius EC, Poppelier MJ, Van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA
  Title
Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial antiinflammatory agent.
  Journal
J Exp Med 199:687-95 (2004)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20031636
Reference
PMID:17114475
  Authors
Prat C, Bestebroer J, de Haas CJ, van Strijp JA, van Kessel KP
  Title
A new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1.
  Journal
J Immunol 177:8017-26 (2006)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8017
Reference
PMID:17132726
  Authors
Bestebroer J, Poppelier MJ, Ulfman LH, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ
  Title
Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling.
  Journal
Blood 109:2936-43 (2007)
DOI:10.1182/blood-2006-06-015461
Reference
PMID:18045383
  Authors
Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD
  Title
The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 66:1342-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05989.x
Reference
PMID:12091905
  Authors
Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, Peters G, Bretzel RG, Flock JI, Herrmann M, Preissner KT
  Title
Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes.
  Journal
Nat Med 8:687-93 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nm728
Reference
PMID:17517597
  Authors
Li M, Lai Y, Villaruz AE, Cha DJ, Sturdevant DE, Otto M
  Title
Gram-positive three-component antimicrobial peptide-sensing system.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9469-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0702159104
Reference
PMID:15561843
  Authors
Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mydel P, Krawczyk K, Wojcik K, Puklo M, Lupa B, Suder P, Silberring J, Reed M, Pohl J, Shafer W, McAleese F, Foster T, Travis J, Potempa J
  Title
Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases.
  Journal
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:4673-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/AAC.48.12.4673-4679.2004
Reference
PMID:18837785
  Authors
Fraser JD, Proft T
  Title
The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins.
  Journal
Immunol Rev 225:226-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00681.x
Reference
PMID:12228315
  Authors
Yamaguchi T, Nishifuji K, Sasaki M, Fudaba Y, Aepfelbacher M, Takata T, Ohara M, Komatsuzawa H, Amagai M, Sugai M
  Title
Identification of the Staphylococcus aureus etd pathogenicity island which encodes a novel exfoliative toxin, ETD, and EDIN-B.
  Journal
Infect Immun 70:5835-45 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/IAI.70.10.5835-5845.2002
Reference
PMID:16710608
  Authors
Pazgier M, Hoover DM, Yang D, Lu W, Lubkowski J
  Title
Human beta-defensins.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 63:1294-313 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5540-2
Reference
PMID:16184199
  Authors
Zhang Q, Mousdicas N, Yi Q, Al-Hassani M, Billings SD, Perkins SM, Howard KM, Ishii S, Shimizu T, Travers JB
  Title
Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid inhibits delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions via the platelet-activating factor receptor.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2855-61 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI25429
Reference
PMID:15372083
  Authors
Lehrer RI
  Title
Primate defensins.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 2:727-38 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro976
Related
pathway
mmu04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
mmu04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
mmu04662  B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05150   

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