Entry Name Synaptic vesicle cycle - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:
rno ]
Gene 116455 Atp6v0a2; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 2 [KO:K02154 ]
116509 Slc6a9; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 [KO:K05038 ]
116638 Slc17a7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302 ]
117100 Slc6a7; sodium-dependent proline transporter [KO:K05040 ]
117596 Atp6v1b2; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform [KO:K02147 ]
140673 Napa; alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein [KO:K15296 ]
170667 Atp6v0c; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit c [KO:K02155 ]
171148 Slc6a5; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 [KO:K05038 ]
171163 Slc6a13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 [KO:K05046 ]
24803 Vamp2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504 ]
24898 Slc6a3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036 ]
25012 Snap25; synaptosomal-associated protein 25 isoform a [KO:K18211 ]
25398 Cacna1a; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344 ]
25549 Slc18a2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155 ]
25550 Slc1a1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612 ]
25553 Slc6a4; sodium-dependent serotonin transporter [KO:K05037 ]
25693 Slc18a1; chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155 ]
257648 Cacna1b; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform 1 [KO:K04849 ]
266767 Slc17a8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302 ]
289407 Atp6v1g3; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 [KO:K02152 ]
291969 Atp6v0d1; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 [KO:K02146 ]
293650 Tcirg1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 3 [KO:K02154 ]
29482 Slc1a2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform a [KO:K05613 ]
29483 Slc1a3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform 1 [KO:K05614 ]
296981 Atp6v0a4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 4 [KO:K02154 ]
297566 Atp6v1e1; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 [KO:K02150 ]
29757 Atp6v0a1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 1 [KO:K02154 ]
297797 Atp6v1h; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform 1 [KO:K02144 ]
297932 Atp6v0d2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 [KO:K02146 ]
298103 Atp6v1g1; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152 ]
298451 Atp6v0b; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit c'' [KO:K03661 ]
299971 Atp6v1c1; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 [KO:K02148 ]
308578 Ap2a1; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 isoform 1 [KO:K11824 ]
312488 Atp6v1b1; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform [KO:K02147 ]
362802 Atp6v1c2; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 [KO:K02148 ]
366432 Slc1a7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618 ]
366545 Atp6v1e2; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2 [KO:K02150 ]
368044 Atp6v1g2; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 [KO:K02152 ]
436582 Atp6v0e2; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2 [KO:K02153 ]
501686 Atp6v1g1l1; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1-like [KO:K02152 ]
50676 Slc6a12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045 ]
60422 Slc18a3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636 ]
64830 Unc13b; protein unc-13 homolog B isoform u [KO:K15293 ]
79212 Slc6a1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034 ]
79213 Slc6a11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044 ]
83511 Slc6a2; sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter [KO:K05035 ]
83612 Slc32a1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015 ]
84012 Slc1a6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K05617 ]
84487 Slc17a6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 [KO:K12302 ]
84556 Rims1; regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 isoform 2 [KO:K15291 ]
94170 Atp6v0e1; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 [KO:K02153 ]
Compound Reference Authors Li L, Chin LS
Title The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Journal Reference Authors Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
Title Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
Journal The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference Authors Chapman ER
Title How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
Journal Reference Authors Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
Title Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
Journal Reference Authors de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
Title Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
Journal Reference Authors Carr CM, Munson M
Title Tag team action at the synapse.
Journal Reference Authors Sudhof TC
Title The synaptic vesicle cycle.
Journal Reference Authors Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
Title Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
Journal Reference Authors Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
Title A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Journal Reference Authors Chapman ER
Title Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
Journal Reference Authors Sudhof TC
Title The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
Journal Reference Authors Rizo J, Sudhof TC
Title Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
Journal Reference Authors Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
Title Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
Journal Related KO pathway
