Entry |
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Name |
African trypanosomiasis - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
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Description |
Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and cause neurological damage by inducing cytokines like TNF alpha, IFN gamma, and IL1. These cytokines and other metabolites such as nitric oxide and somnogenic prostaglandin D2 disturb circadian rhythms in patients with African trypanosomiasis.
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Class |
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
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Pathway map |

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Organism |
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN: rno]
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Gene |
301059 | Myd88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729] |
25087 | Kng2l1; kininogen-1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03898] |
24602 | Nppa; natriuretic peptides A precursor [KO:K12334] |
25081 | Apoa1; apolipoprotein A-I preproprotein [KO:K08757] |
361619 | Hbb-b1; hemoglobin, beta adult major chain [KO:K13823] |
84405 | Il12a; interleukin-12 subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05406] |
64546 | Il12b; interleukin-12 subunit beta precursor [KO:K05425] |
25385 | Faslg; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389] |
246097 | Fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 precursor [KO:K04390] |
25361 | Vcam1; vascular cell adhesion protein 1 precursor [KO:K06527] |
25464 | Icam1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 precursor [KO:K06490] |
116677 | F2rl1; proteinase-activated receptor 2 precursor [KO:K04234] |
81666 | Gnaq; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634] |
24654 | Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11] |
29322 | Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11] |
85240 | Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11] |
25031 | Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11] |
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Compound |
C01245 | D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Antoine-Moussiaux N, Buscher P, Desmecht D |
Title |
Host-parasite interactions in trypanosomiasis: on the way to an antidisease strategy. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Enanga B, Burchmore RJ, Stewart ML, Barrett MP |
Title |
Sleeping sickness and the brain. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Bisser S, Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer ON, Toure FS, Taoufiq Z, Bouteille B, Buguet A, Mazier D |
Title |
Harbouring in the brain: A focus on immune evasion mechanisms and their deleterious effects in malaria and human African trypanosomiasis. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Masocha W, Rottenberg ME, Kristensson K |
Title |
Migration of African trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Lonsdale-Eccles JD, Grab DJ |
Title |
Trypanosome hydrolases and the blood-brain barrier. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Grab DJ, Kennedy PG |
Title |
Traversal of human and animal trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Kristensson K, Nygard M, Bertini G, Bentivoglio M |
Title |
African trypanosome infections of the nervous system: parasite entry and effects on sleep and synaptic functions. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Pays E, Vanhollebeke B |
Title |
Human innate immunity against African trypanosomes. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Donelson JE, Hill KL, El-Sayed NM |
Title |
Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion by African trypanosomes. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Grab DJ, Garcia-Garcia JC, Nikolskaia OV, Kim YV, Brown A, Pardo CA, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Wilson BA, de A Lima AP, Scharfstein J, Dumler JS |
Title |
Protease activated receptor signaling is required for African trypanosome traversal of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Vanhollebeke B, Pays E |
Title |
The trypanolytic factor of human serum: many ways to enter the parasite, a single way to kill. |
Journal |
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Related pathway |
rno04610 | Complement and coagulation cascades |
rno04620 | Toll-like receptor signaling pathway |
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KO pathway |
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