KEGG image  Overall Reactions

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Oxygenic photosynthesis

Photosystem II M00161 6 R09503 2 C02061 + 2 C00001 ⇒ 2 C16693 + C00007 2 PQ + 2 H2O + hν ⇒ 2 PQH2 + O2
Cytochrome b6f M00162 12 R03817 C16693 + 2 C03162 + 2 C00080C02061 + 2 C03025 + 4 C00080 PQH2 + 2 PCox + 2 H+ ⇒ PQ + PCred + 4 H+
Photosystem I M00163 24 R09542 C03025 + C00139C03162 + C00138 PCred + Fdox + hν ⇒ PCox + Fedred
FNR 12 R01195 2 C00138 + C00006 + C00080 ⇒ 2 C00139 + C00005 2 Fdred + NADP+ + H+ ⇒ 2 Fdox + NADPH
ATP synthase M00157 18 R00086 C00008 + C00009C00002 + C00001 ADP + Pi + 4 H+(out) ⇒ ATP + H2O + 4 H+(in)
Calvin cycle M00165 6 R01523 C00002 + C00199C00008 + C01182 ATP + Ribulose-5P ⇒ ADP + Ribulose-1,5P
6 R00024 C01182 + C00011 + C00001 ⇒ 2 C00197 Ribulose-1,5P + CO2 + H2O ⇒ 2 Glycerate-3P
12 R01512 C00002 + C00197C00008 + C00236 ATP + Glycerate-3P ⇒ ADP + Glycerate-1,3P2
12 R01063 C00236 + C00005 + C00080C00118 + C00009 + C00006 Glycerate-1,3P2 + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Glyceraldehyde-3P + Pi + NADP+
5 R01015 C00118C00111 Glyceraldehyde-3P ⇒ Glycerone-P
3 R01068 C00111 + C00118C00354 Glycerone-P + Glyceraldehyde-3P ⇒ D-Fructose-1,6P2
3 R00762 C00354 + C00001C00085 + C00009 D-Fructose-1,6P2 + H2O ⇒ D-Fructose-6P + Pi
2 R01067 C00085 + C00118C00279 + C00231 D-Fructose-6P + Glyceraldehyde-3P ⇒ Erythrose-4P + Xylulose-5P
2 R01829 C00111 + C00279C00447 Glycerone-P + Erythrose-4P ⇒ Sedoheptulose-1,7P2
2 R01845 C00447 + C00001C05382 + C00009 Sedoheptulose-1,7P2 + H2O ⇒ Sedoheptulose-7P + Pi
2 R01641 C05382 + C00118C00117 + C00231 Sedoheptulose-7P + Glyceraldehyde-3P ⇒ Ribose-5P + Xylulose-5P
2 R01056 C00117C00199 Ribose-5P ⇒ Ribulose-5P
4 R01529 C00231C00199 Xylulose-5P ⇒ Ribulose-5P
GPI 1 R13199 C00085C00668 D-Fructose-6P ⇒ alpha-D-Glucose-6P
G6PC 1 R01788 C00668 + C00001C00267 + C00009 alpha-D-Glucose-6P + H2O ⇒ alpha-D-Glucose + Pi
Overall R13204 6 C00011 + 6 C00001C00267 + 6 C00007 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ⇒ D-glucose + 6 O2

Carbon fixation

Calvin cycle M00165 3 R01523 C00002 + C00199C00008 + C01182 ATP + Ribulose-5P ⇒ ADP + Ribulose-1,5P
3 R00024 C01182 + C00011 + C00001 ⇒ 2 C00197 Ribulose-1,5P + CO2 + H2O ⇒ 2 Glycerate-3P
6 R01512 C00002 + C00197C00008 + C00236 ATP + Glycerate-3P ⇒ ADP + Glycerate-1,3P2
6 R01063 C00236 + C00005 + C00080C00118 + C00009 + C00006 Glycerate-1,3P2 + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Glyceraldehyde-3P + Pi + NADP+
2 R01015 C00118C00111 Glyceraldehyde-3P ⇒ Glycerone-P
1 R01068 C00111 + C00118C00354 Glycerone-P + Glyceraldehyde-3P ⇒ D-Fructose-1,6P2
1 R00762 C00354 + C00001C00085 + C00009 D-Fructose-1,6P2 + H2O ⇒ D-Fructose-6P + Pi
1 R01067 C00085 + C00118C00279 + C00231 D-Fructose-6P + Glyceraldehyde-3P ⇒ Erythrose-4P + Xylulose-5P
1 R01829 C00111 + C00279C00447 Glycerone-P + Erythrose-4P ⇒ Sedoheptulose-1,7P2
1 R01845 C00447 + C00001C05382 + C00009 Sedoheptulose-1,7P2 + H2O ⇒ Sedoheptulose-7P + Pi
1 R01641 C05382 + C00118C00117 + C00231 Sedoheptulose-7P + Glyceraldehyde-3P ⇒ Ribose-5P + Xylulose-5P
1 R01056 C00117C00199 Ribose-5P ⇒ Ribulose-5P
2 R01529 C00231C00199 Xylulose-5P ⇒ Ribulose-5P
Overall R13205 9 C00002 + 6 C00005 + 3 C00011 + 5 C00001 + 6 C00080
9 C00008 + 6 C00006 + C00118 + 8 C00009
9 ATP + 6 NADPH + 3 CO2 + 5 H2O + 6 H+
9 ADP + 6 NADP+ + Glyceraldehyde-3P + 8 Pi
Reductive citrate cycle
type1
M00173 1 R01196 C00024 + C00011 + 2 C00138 + 2 C00080C00022 + C00010 + 2 C00139 Acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 Fdred + 2 H+ ⇒ Pyruvate + CoA + 2 Fdox
1 R00344 C00002 + C00022 + C00288C00008 + C00009 + C00036 ATP + Pyruvate + HCO3- ⇒ ADP + Pi + Oxaloacetate
1 R00342 C00036 + C00004 + C00080C00149 + C00003 Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ⇒ Malate + NAD+ + H+
1 R01082 C00149C00122 + C00001 Malate ⇒ Fumarate + H2O
1 R02164 C00122 + C15603C00042 + C15602 Fumarate + Quinol ⇒ Succinate + Quinone
1 R00405 C00002 + C00042 + C00010C00008 + C00009 + C00091 ATP + Succinate + CoA ⇒ ADP + Pi + Succinyl-CoA
1 R01197 C00091 + 2 C00138 + C00011 + 2 C00080C00026 + 2 C00139 + C00010 Succinyl-CoA + 2 Fdred + CO2 + 2 H+ ⇒ 2-Oxoglutarate + 2 Fdox + CoA
1 R00267 C00026 + C00011 + C00005 + C00080C00311 + C00006 2-Oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Isocitrate + NADP+
1 R01900 C00311C00417 + C00001 Isocitrate ⇒ cis-Aconitate + H2O
1 R01325 C00417 + C00001C00158 cis-Aconitate + H2O ⇒ Citrate
1 R00352 C00002 + C00158 + C00010C00008 + C00024 + C00036 + C00009 ATP + Citrate + CoA ⇒ ADP + Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + Pi
Overall R13206 3 C00002 + C00005 + 3 C00011 + C00288 + C00004 + 4 C00138 + C15603 + 6 C00080
3 C00008 + C00006 + C00036 + 3 C00009 + C00003 + 4 C00139 + C15602 + C00001
3 ATP + NADPH + 3 CO2 + HCO3- + NADH + 4 Fdred + Quinol + 6 H+
3 ADP + NADP+ + Oxaloacetate + 3 Pi + NAD+ + 4 Fdox + Quinone + H2O
Reductive citrate cycle
type2
M00173 1 R01196 C00024 + C00011 + 2 C00138 + 2 C00080C00022 + C00010 + 2 C00139 Acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 Fdred + 2 H+ ⇒ Pyruvate + CoA + 2 Fdox
1 R00206 C00002 + C00022 + C00009C00020 + C00074 + C00013 ATP + Pyruvate + Pi ⇒ AMP + PEP + PPi
1 R00345 C00074 + C00011 + C00001C00036 + C00009 PEP + CO2 + H2O ⇒ Oxaloacetate + Pi
1 R00342 C00036 + C00004 + C00080C00149 + C00003 Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ⇒ Malate + NAD+ + H+
1 R01082 C00149C00122 + C00001 Malate ⇒ Fumarate + H2O
1 R02164 C00122 + C15603C00042 + C15602 Fumarate + Quinol ⇒ Succinate + Quinone
1 R00405 C00002 + C00042 + C00010C00008 + C00009 + C00091 ATP + Succinate + CoA ⇒ ADP + Pi + Succinyl-CoA
1 R01197 C00091 + 2 C00138 + C00011 + 2 C00080C00026 + 2 C00139 + C00010 Succinyl-CoA + 2 Fdred + CO2 + 2 H+ ⇒ 2-Oxoglutarate + 2 Fdox + CoA
1 R00267 C00026 + C00011 + C00005 + C00080C00311 + C00006 2-Oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Isocitrate + NADP+
1 R01900 C00311C00417 + C00001 Isocitrate ⇒ cis-Aconitate + H2O
1 R01325 C00417 + C00001C00158 cis-Aconitate + H2O ⇒ Citrate
1 R00352 C00002 + C00158 + C00010C00008 + C00024 + C00036 + C00009 ATP + Citrate + CoA ⇒ ADP + Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + Pi
Overall R13207 3 C00002 + C00005 + 4 C00011 + C00004 + 4 C00138 + C15603 + 6 C00080
2 C00008 + C00020 + C00006 + C00036 + 2 C00009 + C00013 + C00003 + 4 C00139 + C15602
3 ATP + NADPH + 4 CO2 + NADH + 4 Fdred + Quinol + 6 H+
2 ADP + AMP + NADP+ + Oxaloacetate + 2 Pi + PPi + NAD+ + 4 Fdox + Quinone
Reductive citrate cycle
type3
M00173 1 R01196 C00024 + C00011 + 2 C00138 + 2 C00080C00022 + C00010 + 2 C00139 Acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 Fdred + 2 H+ ⇒ Pyruvate + CoA + 2 Fdox
1 R00344 C00002 + C00022 + C00288C00008 + C00009 + C00036 ATP + Pyruvate + HCO3- ⇒ ADP + Pi + Oxaloacetate
1 R00342 C00036 + C00004 + C00080C00149 + C00003 Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ⇒ Malate + NAD+ + H+
1 R01082 C00149C00122 + C00001 Malate ⇒ Fumarate + H2O
1 R00402 C00122 + C00004 + C00080C00042 + C00003 Fumarate + NADH + H+ ⇒ Succinate + NAD+
1 R00405 C00002 + C00042 + C00010C00008 + C00009 + C00091 ATP + Succinate + CoA ⇒ ADP + Pi + Succinyl-CoA
1 R01197 C00091 + 2 C00138 + C00011 + 2 C00080C00026 + 2 C00139 + C00010 Succinyl-CoA + 2 Fdred + CO2 + 2 H+ ⇒ 2-Oxoglutarate + 2 Fdox + CoA
1 R00267 C00026 + C00011 + C00005 + C00080C00311 + C00006 2-Oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Isocitrate + NADP+
1 R01900 C00311C00417 + C00001 Isocitrate ⇒ cis-Aconitate + H2O
1 R01325 C00417 + C00001C00158 cis-Aconitate + H2O ⇒ Citrate
1 R01322 C00002 + C00158 + C00010C00008 + C00009 + C00566 ATP + Citrate + CoA ⇒ ADP + Pi + Citryl-CoA
1 R00354 C00566C00024 + C00036 Citryl-CoA ⇒ Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate
Overall R13222 3 C00002 + C00005 + 3 C00011 + C00288 + 2 C00004 + 4 C00138 + 7 C00080
3 C00008 + C00006 + C00036 + 3 C00009 + 2 C00003 + 4 C00139 + C00001
3 ATP + NADPH + 3 CO2 + HCO3- + 2 NADH + 4 Fdred + 7 H+
3 ADP + NADP+ + Oxaloacetate + 3 Pi + 2 NAD+ + 4 Fdox + H2O
Reductive acetyl-CoA
pathway
M00377 1 R07157 C00011 + 2 C00138 + 2 C00080C00237 + 2 C00139 + C00001 CO2 + 2 Fdred + 2 H+ ⇒ CO + H2O + 2 Fdox
1 R10243 C00440 + C00010 + C00237C00101 + C00024 5-Methyl-THF + CoA + CO ⇒ THF + Acetyl-CoA
1 R00134 C00011 + C00005 + C00080C00058 + C00006 CO2 + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Formate + NADP+
1 R00943 C00002 + C00101 + C00058C00008 + C00009 + C00234 ATP + THF + Formate ⇒ ADP + Pi + 10-Formyl-THF
1 R01655 C00234 + C00080C00445 + C00001 10-Formyl-THF + H+ ⇒ 5,10-Methenyl-THF + H2O
1 R01220 C00445 + C00005C00143 + C00006 5,10-Methenyl-THF + NADPH ⇒ 5,10-Methylene-THF + NADP+
1 R07168 C00143 + C00004 + C00080C00440 + C00003 5,10-Methylene-THF + NADH + H+ ⇒ 5-Methyl-THF + NAD+
Overall R13208 C00002 + 2 C00005 + 2 C00011 + C00010 + C00004 + 2 C00138 + 5 C00080
C00008 + 2 C00006 + C00024 + C00009 + C00003 + 2 C00139 + 2 C00001
ATP + 2 NADPH + 2 CO2 + CoA + NADH + 2 Fdred + 5 H+
ADP + 2 NADP+ + Acetyl-CoA + Pi + NAD+ + 2 Fdox + 2 H2O
3-Hydroxypropionate
bi-cycle
M00376 2 R00742 C00002 + C00024 + C00288C00008 + C00009 + C00083 ATP + Acetyl-CoA + HCO3- ⇒ ADP + Malonyl-CoA + Pi
2 R00740 C00083 + C00005 + C00080C00222 + C00010 + C00006 Malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ ⇒ 3-Oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP+
2 R09289 C00222 + C00005 + C00080C01013 + C00006 3-Oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+ ⇒ 3-Hydroxypropanoate + NADP+
2 R09286 C01013 + C00010 + C00002C05668 + C00013 + C00020 3-Hydroxypropanoate + CoA + ATP ⇒ 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA + PPi + AMP
2 R03045 C05668C00894 + C00001 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA ⇒ Propenoyl-CoA + H2O
2 R00919 C00894 + C00005 + C00080C00100 + C00006 Propenoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Propanoyl-CoA + NADP+
1 R01859 C00002 + C00100 + C00288C00008 + C00009 + C00683 ATP + Propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- ⇒ ADP + Pi + (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA
1 R02765 C00683C01213 (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA ⇒ (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA
1 R00833 C01213C00091 (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA ⇒ Succinyl-CoA
1 R00406 C00091 + C00149C00042 + C04348 Succinyl-CoA + Malate ⇒ Succinate + Malyl-CoA
1 R02164 C00042 + C15602C00122 + C15603 Succinate + Quinone ⇒ Fumarate + Quinol
1 R01082 C00122 + C00001C00149 Fumarate + H2O ⇒ Malate
1 R00473 C04348C00024 + C00048 Malyl-CoA ⇒ Acetyl-CoA + Glyoxylate
1 R00934 C00100 + C00048C06027 Propanoyl-CoA + Glyoxylate ⇒ β-Methylmalyl-CoA
1 R05076 C06027C06028 + C00001 β-Methylmalyl-CoA ⇒ Mesaconyl-CoA + H2O
1 R09283 C06028C18323 Mesaconyl-CoA ⇒ 3-Methylfumaryl-CoA
1 R09282 C18323 + C00001C01011 3-Methylfumaryl-CoA + H2O ⇒ (S)-Citramalyl-CoA
1 R00237 C01011C00024 + C00022 (S)-Citramalyl-CoA ⇒ Acetyl-CoA + Pyruvate
Overall R13209 5 C00002 + 6 C00005 + 3 C00288 + C15602 + 6 C00080
3 C00008 + 2 C00020 + 6 C00006 + C00022 + 3 C00009 + 2 C00013 + C15603 + C00001
5 ATP + 6 NADPH + 3 HCO3- + Quinone + 6 H+
3 ADP + 2 AMP + 6 NADP+ + Pyruvate + 3 Pi + 2 PPi + Quinol + H2O
Dicarboxylate-
hydroxybutyrate cycle
M00374 1 R01196 C00024 + C00011 + 2 C00138 + 2 C00080C00022 + C00010 + 2 C00139 Acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 Fdred + 2 H+ ⇒ Pyruvate + CoA + 2 Fdox
1 R00199 C00002 + C00022 + C00001C00020 + C00074 + C00009 ATP + Pyruvate + H2O ⇒ AMP + PEP +Pi
1 R00345 C00074 + C00011 + C00001C00036 + C00009 PEP + CO2 + H2O ⇒ Oxaloacetate + Pi
1 R00342 C00036 + C00004 + C00080C00149 + C00003 Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ⇒ Malate + NAD+
1 R01082 C00149C00122 + C00001 Malate ⇒ Fumarate + H2O
1 R02164 C00122 + C15603C00042 + C15602 Fumarate + Quinol ⇒ Succinate + Quinone
1 R00405 C00002 + C00042 + C00010C00008 + C00091 + C00009 ATP + Succinate + CoA ⇒ ADP + Succinyl-CoA + Pi
1 R09280 C00091 + C00005 + C00080C00232 + C00006 + C00010 Succinyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Succinate semialdehyde + NADP+ + CoA
1 R09281 C00232 + C00005 + C00080C00989 + C00006 Succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ ⇒ 4-Hydroxybutanoate + NADP+
1 R09279 C00002 + C00989 + C00010C00020 + C11062 + C00013 ATP + 4-Hydroxybutanoate + CoA ⇒ AMP + 4-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + PPi
1 R10782 C11062C00877 + C00001 4-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA ⇒ Crotonoyl-CoA + H2O
1 R03026 C00877 + C00001C01144 Crotonoyl-CoA + H2O ⇒ (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
1 R01975 C01144 + C00003C00332 + C00004 + C00080 (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NAD+ ⇒ Acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+
1 R00238 C00332 + C00010 ⇒ 2 C00024 Acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA ⇒ 2 Acetyl-CoA
Overall R13210 3 C00002 + 2 C00005 + 2 C00011 + C00010 + 2 C00138 + C15603 + C00001+ 4 C00080
C00008 + 2 C00020 + 2 C00006 + C00024 + 3 C00009 + C00013 + 2 C00139 + C15602
3 ATP + 2 NADPH + 2 CO2 + CoA + 2 Fdred + Quinol + H2O + 4 H+
ADP + 2 AMP + 2 NADP+ + Acetyl-CoA + 3 Pi + PPi + 2 Fdox + Quinone
Hydroxypropionate-
hydroxybutylate cycle
M00375 1 R00742 C00002 + C00024 + C00288C00008 + C00009 + C00083 ATP + Acetyl-CoA + HCO3- ⇒ ADP + Pi + Malonyl-CoA
1 R00740 C00083 + C00005 + C00080C00222 + C00010 + C00006 Malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ ⇒ 3-Oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP+
1 R09289 C00222 + C00005 + C00080C01013 + C00006 3-Oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+ ⇒ 3-Hydroxypropanoate + NADP+
1 R09286 C00002 + C01013 + C00010C00020 + C05668 + C00013 ATP + 3-Hydroxypropanoate + CoA ⇒ AMP + 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA + PPi
1 R03045 C05668C00894 + C00001 Hydroxypropionyl-CoA ⇒ Propenoyl-CoA + H2O
1 R00919 C00894 + C00005 + C00080C00100 + C00006 Propenoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Propanoyl-CoA + NADP+
1 R01859 C00002 + C00100 + C00288C00008 + C00009 + C00683 ATP + Propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- ⇒ ADP + Pi + (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA
1 R02765 C00683C01213 (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA ⇒ (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA
1 R00833 C01213C00091 (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA ⇒ Succinyl-CoA
1 R09280 C00091 + C00005 + C00080C00232 + C00006 + C00010 Succinyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ ⇒ Succinate semialdehyde + NADP+ + CoA
1 R09281 C00232 + C00005 + C00080C00989 + C00006 Succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ ⇒ 4-Hydroxybutanoate + NADP+
1 R09279 C00002 + C00989 + C00010C00020 + C11062 + C00013 ATP + 4-Hydroxybutanoate + CoA ⇒ AMP + 4-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + PPi
1 R10782 C11062C00877 + C00001 4-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA ⇒ Crotonoyl-CoA + H2O
1 R03026 C00877 + C00001C01144 Crotonoyl-CoA + H2O ⇒ (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
1 R01975 C01144 + C00003C00332 + C00004 + C00080 (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NAD+ ⇒ Acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+
1 R00238 C00332 + C00010 ⇒ 2 C00024 Acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA ⇒ 2 Acetyl-CoA
Overall R13211 4 C00002 + 5 C00005 + 2 C00288 + C00010 + C00003 + 4 C00080
2 C00008 + 2 C00020 + 5 C00006 + C00024 + 2 C00009 + 2 C00013 + C00004 + C00001
4 ATP + 5 NADPH + 2 HCO3- + CoA + NAD+ + 4 H+
2 ADP + 2 AMP + 5 NADP+ + Acetyl-CoA + 2 Pi + 2 PPi + NADH + H2O


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Last updated: December 5, 2023