Entry
Name
Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified sensor of cytosolic DNA which activates the IRF and NF-{kappa}B transcription factors, leading to production of type I interferon and other cytokines. The second type of cytoplasmic DNA sensor is AIM2. Upon sensing DNA, AIM2 triggers the assembly of the inflammasome, culminating in interleukin maturation. In addition to these receptors, there is a mechanism to sense foreign DNA, with the host RNA polymerase III converting the DNA into RNA for recognition by the RNA sensor RIG-I. These pathways provide various means to alert the cell.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:
rno ]
Gene
310685 Polr3c; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC3 [KO:K03023 ]
306012 Polr3d; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC4 [KO:K03026 ]
361640 Polr3e; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC5 [KO:K14721 ]
301246 Polr1c; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 [KO:K03027 ]
366277 Polr3k; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC10 [KO:K03019 ]
300088 Polr3h; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC8 [KO:K03022 ]
685465 Polr3g; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC7 [KO:K03024 ]
690254 Polr3gl; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC7-like [KO:K03024 ]
311487 Polr3f; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC6 [KO:K03025 ]
690966 Polr2e; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 [KO:K03013 ]
83503 Polr2f; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 [KO:K03014 ]
498109 Polr2h; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 [KO:K03016 ]
120098305 DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3-like [KO:K03016 ]
100361574 Polr2k; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 [KO:K03009 ]
681193 Polr2sl1; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5-like [KO:K03007 ]
502374 Polr2l; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 [KO:K03007 ]
311430 Mavs; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein [KO:K12648 ]
81736 Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 2 [KO:K02580 ]
690005 Zcchc3; zinc finger CCHC domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K27162 ]
498840 Sting1; stimulator of interferon genes protein [KO:K12654 ]
298213 Ifna2; interferon alpha family, gene 2 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
690894 Ifna1; interferon alpha family, gene 5 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
502961 Ifna4l2; similar to Interferon alpha-1 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
500491 Ifna16l1; interferon, alpha 16-like 1 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
502959 Ifna1l1; similar to put. precursor MuIFN-alpha 5 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
81780 Ccl5; C-C motif chemokine 5 precursor [KO:K12499 ]
245920 Cxcl10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 precursor [KO:K12671 ]
304987 Aim2; interferon-inducible protein AIM2 isoform X1 [KO:K12966 ]
287362 Nlrp3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 [KO:K12800 ]
266610 Fadd; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373 ]
282817 Pycard; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD [KO:K12799 ]
311580 Samhd1; deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 [KO:K22544 ] [EC:3.1.5.-]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Yanai H, Savitsky D, Tamura T, Taniguchi T
Title
Regulation of the cytosolic DNA-sensing system in innate immunity: a current view.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vilaysane A, Muruve DA
Title
The innate immune response to DNA.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takeshita F, Ishii KJ
Title
Intracellular DNA sensors in immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takaoka A, Shinohara S
Title
DNA sensors in innate immune system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takaoka A, Taniguchi T
Title
Cytosolic DNA recognition for triggering innate immune responses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kaiser WJ, Upton JW, Mocarski ES
Title
Receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motif-dependent control of NF-kappa B activation via the DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rebsamen M, Heinz LX, Meylan E, Michallet MC, Schroder K, Hofmann K, Vazquez J, Benedict CA, Tschopp J
Title
DAI/ZBP1 recruits RIP1 and RIP3 through RIP homotypic interaction motifs to activate NF-kappaB.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang Z, Choi MK, Ban T, Yanai H, Negishi H, Lu Y, Tamura T, Takaoka A, Nishikura K, Taniguchi T
Title
Regulation of innate immune responses by DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) and other DNA-sensing molecules.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stetson DB, Ko JS, Heidmann T, Medzhitov R
Title
Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schroder K, Muruve DA, Tschopp J
Title
Innate immunity: cytoplasmic DNA sensing by the AIM2 inflammasome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Krieg AM
Title
AIMing 2 detect foreign DNA.
Journal
Reference
Authors
O'Neill LA
Title
DNA makes RNA makes innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ishii KJ, Coban C, Kato H, Takahashi K, Torii Y, Takeshita F, Ludwig H, Sutter G, Suzuki K, Hemmi H, Sato S, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Akira S
Title
A Toll-like receptor-independent antiviral response induced by double-stranded B-form DNA.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cao X
Title
New DNA-sensing pathway feeds RIG-I with RNA.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ
Title
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gao M, He Y, Tang H, Chen X, Liu S, Tao Y
Title
cGAS/STING: novel perspectives of the classic pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Benjamin P, Sudhakar S, D'Arco F, Lobel U, Carney O, Roux CJ, Boddaert N, Hemingway C, Eleftheriou D, Mankad K
Title
Spectrum of Neuroradiologic Findings Associated with Monogenic Interferonopathies.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Place DE, Lee S, Kanneganti TD
Title
PANoptosis in microbial infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jiang W, Deng Z, Dai X, Zhao W
Title
PANoptosis: A New Insight Into Oral Infectious Diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang Y, Kanneganti TD
Title
From pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis to PANoptosis: A mechanistic compendium of programmed cell death pathways.
Journal
Related pathway
rno04621 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
rno04622 RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway