KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:gga00010 gga01200 gga01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:gga00010 gga01200 gga01230 gga01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:gga00010 gga00020 gga01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:gga00010 gga00020 gga00620 gga01200 gga01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:gga00020 gga01200 gga01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:gga00020 gga01200 gga01210 gga01230 gga01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:gga00020 gga01200 gga01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:gga00030 gga01200 gga01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:gga00030 gga01200 gga01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:gga00030 gga01200 gga01230 gga01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:gga00030 gga00230 gga01200 gga01230 gga01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:gga00040 gga01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:gga00052 gga01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:gga00040 gga00053 gga01240 gga01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:gga00500 gga01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:gga00500 gga01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:gga00520 gga01250 gga01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:gga00520 gga00052 gga01250 gga01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:gga00520 gga01250 gga01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:gga00280 gga00630 gga00640 gga01200 gga01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:gga00562 gga01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:gga00562 gga01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:gga00562 gga01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:gga00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:gga00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:gga00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:gga00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:gga00190]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:gga00190]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:gga00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:gga00061 gga01212 gga01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:gga00061 gga01212 gga01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:gga00062 gga01212 gga01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:gga00062 gga01040 gga01212 gga01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:gga00061 gga00071 gga01212 gga01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:gga00071 gga01212 gga01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:gga01040 gga01212 gga01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:gga00100 gga01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:gga00120 gga01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:gga00140 gga01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:gga00140 gga01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:gga00561 gga01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:gga00561 gga01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:gga00564 gga01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:gga00564 gga01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:gga00564 gga01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:gga00600 gga01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:gga00600 gga01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:gga00600 gga00565 gga01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:gga00600 gga01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:gga00600 gga01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:gga00230 gga01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:gga00230 gga01232 gga01240 gga01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:gga00230 gga01232 gga01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:gga00230 gga00240 gga01232 gga01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:gga00230 gga01232 gga01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:gga00230 gga01232 gga01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:gga00240 gga01240 gga01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:gga00240 gga01232 gga01240 gga01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:gga00240 gga01232 gga01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:gga00240 gga00410 gga00770 gga01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:gga00260 gga01200 gga01230 gga01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:gga00260 gga00630 gga01200 gga01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:gga00260 gga01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:gga00260 gga00270 gga01230 gga01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:gga00270 gga01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:gga00270 gga01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:gga00280 gga01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:gga00310 gga01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:gga00220 gga01230 gga01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:gga00220 gga01230 gga01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:gga00330 gga01230 gga01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:gga00330 gga01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:gga00330]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:gga00330 gga01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:gga00330 gga01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:gga00330 gga01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:gga00330 gga01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:gga00340 gga01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:gga00350 gga01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:gga00350 gga01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:gga00350 gga01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:gga00380 gga01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:gga00380 gga01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:gga00250 gga00650 gga01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:gga00480 gga01240 gga01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:gga00510 gga01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:gga00601 gga01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:gga00601 gga01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:gga00603 gga01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:gga00604 gga01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:gga00532 gga01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:gga00534 gga01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:gga00531 gga01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:gga00531 gga01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:gga00380 gga00760 gga01240 gga01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:gga00785 gga01240 gga01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:gga00785 gga01240 gga01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:gga00790 gga01240 gga01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:gga00790 gga01240 gga01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:gga00670 gga01240 gga01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:gga00860 gga01240 gga01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:gga00130 gga01240 gga01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:gga00900 gga01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:gga00900 gga01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity