KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mic00010 mic01200 mic01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mic00010 mic01200 mic01230 mic01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mic00010 mic00020 mic01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mic00010 mic00020 mic00620 mic00785 mic01200 mic01210 mic01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mic00020 mic01200 mic01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mic00020 mic01200 mic01210 mic01230 mic01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mic00020 mic01200 mic01210 mic01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mic00030 mic01200 mic01100 mic01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mic00030 mic01200 mic01100 mic01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mic00030 mic01200 mic01230 mic01100 mic01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mic00030 mic00230 mic01200 mic01230 mic01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:mic00030 mic01200 mic01100 mic01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:mic00040 mic00030 mic01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:mic00052 mic01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mic00500 mic01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:mic00500 mic01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:mic00500 mic01100 mic01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:mic00520 mic01250 mic01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:mic00520 mic00052 mic01250 mic01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mic00520 mic01250 mic01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:mic00630 mic01200 mic01100 mic01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mic00280 mic00630 mic00640 mic01200 mic01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:mic00710 mic01200 mic01100 mic01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:mic00620 mic00710 mic01200 mic01100 mic01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:mic00620 mic00710 mic01200 mic01100 mic01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:mic00430 mic00620 mic01200 mic01100 mic01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:mic00030 mic00680 mic01200 mic01230 mic01100 mic01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:mic00910 mic01100 mic01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mic00910 mic01100 mic01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mic00910 mic01100 mic01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:mic00920 mic01100 mic01120]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:mic00195 mic01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:mic00195 mic01100]

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:mic00190 mic01100]
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:mic00190 mic01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:mic00190 mic01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:mic00190 mic01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:mic00190 mic01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:mic00190 mic01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:mic00190 mic01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:mic00190 mic01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:mic00190 mic00195 mic01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mic00061 mic01212 mic01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mic00061 mic01212 mic01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mic00061 mic00071 mic01212 mic01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mic00071 mic01212 mic01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:mic00561 mic01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:mic00564 mic01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:mic00564 mic01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mic00230 mic01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mic00230 mic01232 mic01240 mic01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mic00230 mic01232 mic01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mic00230 mic00240 mic01232 mic01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mic00230 mic01232 mic01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mic00230 mic01232 mic01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mic00240 mic01232 mic01240 mic01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mic00240 mic01232 mic01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mic00260 mic00680 mic01200 mic01230 mic01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:mic00260 mic01230 mic01100 mic01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mic00260 mic00630 mic00785 mic01200 mic01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mic00260 mic01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:mic00260 mic01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:mic00260 mic01210 mic01230 mic01100 mic01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:mic00270 mic00920 mic01200 mic01230 mic01100 mic01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mic00260 mic00270 mic01230 mic01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:mic00270 mic01230 mic01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:mic00270 mic01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mic00290 mic00770 mic01210 mic01230 mic01100 mic01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mic00290 mic01230 mic01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:mic00290 mic01210 mic01230 mic01100 mic01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:mic00280 mic01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mic00300 mic01230 mic01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mic00300 mic01230 mic01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mic00300 mic01230 mic01100 mic01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:mic00220 mic01210 mic01230 mic01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mic00220 mic01230 mic01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mic00330 mic01230 mic01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mic00330 mic01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mic00330 mic01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:mic00330 mic01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mic00330 mic01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:mic00330 mic01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:mic00340 mic01230 mic01100 mic01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mic00340 mic01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:mic00400 mic01230 mic01100 mic01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:mic00400 mic01230 mic01100 mic01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:mic00250 mic00650 mic01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mic00480 mic01240 mic01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:mic00540 mic01250 mic01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:mic00730 mic01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:mic00740 mic01240 mic01100 mic01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mic00750 mic01240 mic01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mic00750 mic01240 mic01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mic00760 mic01240 mic01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:mic00770 mic01240 mic01100 mic01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mic00770 mic01240 mic01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mic00780 mic01240 mic01100]
M00950 Biotin biosynthesis, BioU pathway, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mic00780 mic01240 mic01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:mic00785 mic01240 mic01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:mic00790 mic00670 mic01240 mic01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mic00790 mic01240 mic01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:mic00670 mic01240 mic01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:mic00860 mic01240 mic01100 mic01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:mic00860 mic01240 mic01100 mic01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:mic00860 mic01240 mic01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:mic00130 mic01240 mic01100 mic01110]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:mic00130 mic01240 mic01100]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:mic00130 mic01240 mic01100 mic01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:mic00130 mic01240 mic01100 mic01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mic00900 mic01100 mic01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:mic00900 mic01100 mic01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:mic00900 mic01100 mic01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:mic00521 mic00523 mic00541 mic01250 mic01100 mic01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00918 Aerobactin biosynthesis, lysine => aerobactin [PATH:mic01100 mic01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:mic01501]
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation