KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:plai00010 plai01200 plai01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:plai00010 plai01200 plai01230 plai01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:plai00010 plai00020 plai01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:plai00010 plai00020 plai00620 plai01200 plai01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:plai00020 plai01200 plai01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:plai00020 plai01200 plai01210 plai01230 plai01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:plai00020 plai01200 plai01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:plai00030 plai01200 plai01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:plai00030 plai01200 plai01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:plai00030 plai01200 plai01230 plai01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:plai00030 plai00230 plai01200 plai01230 plai01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:plai00040 plai01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:plai00052 plai01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:plai00500 plai01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:plai00520 plai01250 plai01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:plai00520 plai00052 plai01250 plai01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:plai00520 plai01250 plai01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:plai00280 plai00630 plai00640 plai01200 plai01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:plai00562 plai01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:plai00562 plai01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:plai00562 plai01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:plai00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:plai00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:plai00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:plai00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:plai00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:plai00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:plai00061 plai01212 plai01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:plai00061 plai01212 plai01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:plai00061 plai01212 plai01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:plai00062 plai01212 plai01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:plai00062 plai01040 plai01212 plai01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:plai00061 plai00071 plai01212 plai01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:plai00071 plai01212 plai01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:plai01040 plai01212 plai01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:plai00100 plai01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:plai00100 plai01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:plai00140 plai01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:plai00140 plai01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:plai00140 plai01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:plai00561 plai01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:plai00561 plai01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:plai00564 plai01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:plai00564 plai01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:plai00564 plai01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:plai00600 plai01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:plai00600 plai01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:plai00600 plai00565 plai01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:plai00600 plai01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:plai00600 plai01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:plai00230 plai01232 plai01240 plai01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:plai00230 plai01232 plai01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:plai00230 plai00240 plai01232 plai01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:plai00230 plai01232 plai01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:plai00230 plai01232 plai01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:plai00230 plai01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:plai00240 plai01240 plai01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:plai00240 plai01232 plai01240 plai01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:plai00240 plai01232 plai01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:plai00240 plai00410 plai00770 plai01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:plai00260 plai01200 plai01230 plai01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:plai00260 plai00630 plai01200 plai01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:plai00260 plai01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:plai00260 plai00270 plai01230 plai01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:plai00270 plai01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:plai00270 plai01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:plai00280 plai01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:plai00310 plai01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:plai00220 plai01230 plai01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:plai00220 plai01230 plai01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:plai00330 plai01230 plai01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:plai00330 plai01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:plai00330]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:plai00330 plai01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:plai00330 plai01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:plai00330 plai01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:plai00340 plai01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:plai00350 plai01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:plai00350 plai01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:plai00380 plai01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:plai00380 plai01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:plai00250 plai00650 plai01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:plai00480 plai01240 plai01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:plai00510 plai01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:plai00510 plai01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:plai00510 plai01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:plai00515 plai01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:plai00563 plai01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:plai00601 plai01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:plai00601 plai01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:plai00604 plai01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:plai00532 plai00534 plai01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:plai00532 plai01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:plai00534 plai01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:plai00531 plai01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:plai00531 plai01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:plai00531 plai01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:plai00531 plai01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:plai00380 plai00760 plai01240 plai01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:plai00770 plai01240 plai01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:plai00785 plai01240 plai01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:plai00785 plai01240 plai01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:plai00790 plai01240 plai01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:plai00790 plai01240 plai01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:plai00670 plai01240 plai01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:plai00860 plai01240 plai01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:plai00130 plai01240 plai01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:plai00900 plai01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:plai00900 plai01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity