KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:sara00010 sara01200 sara01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:sara00010 sara01200 sara01230 sara01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:sara00010 sara00020 sara01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:sara00010 sara00020 sara00620 sara01200 sara01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:sara00020 sara01200 sara01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sara00020 sara01200 sara01210 sara01230 sara01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:sara00020 sara01200 sara01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:sara00030 sara01200 sara01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:sara00030 sara01200 sara01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sara00030 sara01200 sara01230 sara01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:sara00030 sara00230 sara01200 sara01230 sara01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:sara00040 sara01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:sara00052 sara01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:sara00040 sara00053 sara01240 sara01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:sara00500 sara01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:sara00500 sara01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:sara00520 sara01250 sara01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:sara00520 sara00052 sara01250 sara01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sara00520 sara01250 sara01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:sara00280 sara00630 sara00640 sara01200 sara01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:sara00562 sara01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:sara00562 sara01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:sara00562 sara01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:sara00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:sara00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:sara00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:sara00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:sara00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:sara00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:sara00061 sara01212 sara01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:sara00061 sara01212 sara01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:sara00061 sara01212 sara01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:sara00062 sara01212 sara01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:sara00062 sara01040 sara01212 sara01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:sara00061 sara00071 sara01212 sara01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:sara00071 sara01212 sara01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:sara01040 sara01212 sara01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:sara00100 sara01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:sara00100 sara01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:sara00120 sara01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:sara00120 sara01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:sara00140 sara01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:sara00140 sara01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:sara00140 sara01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:sara00561 sara01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:sara00561 sara01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:sara00564 sara01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:sara00564 sara01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:sara00564 sara01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:sara00600 sara01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:sara00600 sara01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:sara00600 sara00565 sara01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:sara00600 sara01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:sara00600 sara01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:sara00230 sara01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:sara00230 sara01232 sara01240 sara01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:sara00230 sara01232 sara01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:sara00230 sara00240 sara01232 sara01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:sara00230 sara01232 sara01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:sara00230 sara01232 sara01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:sara00240 sara01240 sara01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:sara00240 sara01232 sara01240 sara01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:sara00240 sara01232 sara01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:sara00240 sara00410 sara00770 sara01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sara00260 sara01200 sara01230 sara01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sara00260 sara00630 sara01200 sara01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:sara00260 sara01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:sara00260 sara00270 sara01230 sara01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:sara00270 sara01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:sara00280 sara01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:sara00310 sara01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:sara00220 sara01230 sara01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:sara00220 sara01230 sara01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:sara00330 sara01230 sara01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:sara00330 sara01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:sara00330]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:sara00330 sara01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:sara00330 sara01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:sara00330 sara01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:sara00340 sara01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:sara00350 sara01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:sara00350 sara01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:sara00350 sara01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:sara00380 sara01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:sara00380 sara01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:sara00250 sara00650 sara01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:sara00480 sara01240 sara01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:sara00510 sara01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:sara00510 sara01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:sara00563 sara01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:sara00601 sara01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:sara00601 sara01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:sara00603 sara01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:sara00604 sara01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:sara00532 sara00534 sara01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:sara00532 sara01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:sara00534 sara01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:sara00531 sara01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:sara00531 sara01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:sara00531 sara01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:sara00531 sara01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:sara00380 sara00760 sara01240 sara01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:sara00770 sara01240 sara01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:sara00785 sara01240 sara01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:sara00785 sara01240 sara01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:sara00790 sara01240 sara01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:sara00790 sara01240 sara01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:sara00670 sara01240 sara01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:sara00900 sara01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:sara00900 sara01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity