KEGG   PATHWAY: mdo05012
Entry
mdo05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Monodelphis domestica (gray short-tailed opossum)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
mdo05012  Parkinson disease
mdo05012

Organism
Monodelphis domestica (gray short-tailed opossum) [GN:mdo]
Gene
100029653  ADORA2A; adenosine A2a receptor [KO:K04266]
100013751  GNAL; G protein subunit alpha L [KO:K04633]
100021523  GNAS; GNAS complex locus [KO:K04632]
100029582  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632]
100026172  DRD2; dopamine receptor D2 [KO:K04145]
100013052  GNAI1; G protein subunit alpha i1 [KO:K04630]
100030095  GNAI3; G protein subunit alpha i3 [KO:K04630]
100032986  GNAI2; G protein subunit alpha i2 [KO:K04630]
100019274  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100011211  PRKACB; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100026861  PRKACA; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100032298  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100026854  DRD1; dopamine receptor D1 [KO:K04144]
100012835  UBA1; ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
100028084  UBA7; ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
100012532  UBA52; ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 [KO:K02927]
100619355  ubiquitin [KO:K02927]
100032038  RPS27A; ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
100021198  polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
100027828  UBE2L3; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100025425  UBE2L6; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100017913  UBE2J2; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100025732  UBE2J1; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100012869  UBE2G2; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 G2 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100014313  UBE2G1; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100032502  PARK2; parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
100017357  GPR37; G protein-coupled receptor 37 [KO:K04243]
100026813  SNCAIP; synuclein alpha interacting protein [KO:K04558]
100011101  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha 6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100013483  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha 2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100025820  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha 4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100026327  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha 7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100010801  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100030041  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha 5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100029192  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha 1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100021131  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha 3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100017261  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta 6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100015558  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta 7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100018383  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta 3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100024092  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta 2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100016464  proteasome subunit beta type-2-like [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100030431  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta 5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100032711  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta 1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100018385  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta 4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100013836  PSMC2; proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 2 [KO:K03061]
100018501  PSMC1; proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 1 [KO:K03062]
100014941  PSMC4; proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 4 [KO:K03063]
100013866  PSMC6; proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 6 [KO:K03064]
100016761  PSMC3; proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 3 [KO:K03065]
100026270  PSMC5; proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 5 [KO:K03066]
100025973  PSMD2; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 2 [KO:K03028]
100014846  PSMD1; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1 [KO:K03032]
100015745  PSMD3; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 3 [KO:K03033]
100021718  PSMD9; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 9 [KO:K06693]
100024776  PSMD12; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 12 [KO:K03035]
100018566  PSMD11; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 11 [KO:K03036]
100011310  PSMD6; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 6 [KO:K03037]
100020514  PSMD7; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 7 [KO:K03038]
100030755  PSMD13; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 13 [KO:K03039]
100192384  PSMD4; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 4 [KO:K03029]
100015662  PSMD14; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 14 [KO:K03030]
100013066  PSMD8; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 8 [KO:K03031]
100020666  ADRM1; adhesion regulating molecule 1 [KO:K06691]
100015629  UCHL1; ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
100021688  CALM3; calmodulin 3 [KO:K02183]
100018191  CALM1; calmodulin 1 [KO:K02183]
100032171  CALM2; calmodulin 2 [KO:K02183]
100025795  CALML4; calmodulin like 4 [KO:K02183]
100015722  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
100022649  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
100011784  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100010898  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100024521  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100028973  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100025077  MAPT; microtubule associated protein tau [KO:K04380]
100620008  microtubule-associated protein tau-like [KO:K04380]
100031570  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
100013305  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
100010212  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
100025596  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
100032696  PLCG1; phospholipase C gamma 1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100015941  HSPA5; heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
100015495  ATF6; activating transcription factor 6 [KO:K09054]
100026418  ERN1; endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100030619  XBP1; X-box binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
100029557  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100023094  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha [KO:K03237]
100012224  ATF4; activating transcription factor 4 [KO:K04374]
100021373  tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
100618242  MAOA; monoamine oxidase A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
100027805  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
100015498  SLC6A3; solute carrier family 6 member 3 [KO:K05036]
100033069  SLC18A1; solute carrier family 18 member A1 [KO:K08155]
100020699  SLC18A2; solute carrier family 18 member A2 [KO:K08155]
100023292  SLC11A2; solute carrier family 11 member 2 [KO:K21398]
100023142  SLC39A2; solute carrier family 39 member 2 [KO:K14709]
100014816  SLC39A3; solute carrier family 39 member 3 [KO:K14709]
100020015  SLC39A1; solute carrier family 39 member 1 [KO:K14709]
100018956  zinc transporter ZIP4-like [KO:K14710]
100018788  zinc transporter ZIP4-like [KO:K14710]
100013534  SLC39A6; solute carrier family 39 member 6 [KO:K14712]
100025217  SLC39A7; solute carrier family 39 member 7 [KO:K14713]
100014598  SLC39A8; solute carrier family 39 member 8 [KO:K14714]
100023679  SLC39A9; solute carrier family 39 member 9 [KO:K14715]
100022015  SLC39A10; solute carrier family 39 member 10 [KO:K14716]
100024014  SLC39A11; solute carrier family 39 member 11 [KO:K14717]
100026757  SLC39A12; solute carrier family 39 member 12 [KO:K14718]
100016664  SLC39A13; solute carrier family 39 member 13 [KO:K14719]
100033103  SLC39A14; solute carrier family 39 member 14 [KO:K14720]
3074661  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3074668  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3074658  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3074656  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3074657  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3074665  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3074664  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100013993  NDUFV1; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1 [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100016466  NDUFV2; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V2 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103103819  NDUFV3; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit V3 [KO:K03944]
103100668  NDUFA1; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A1 [KO:K03945]
100026394  NDUFA2; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A2 [KO:K03946]
100028584  NDUFA3; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A3 [KO:K03947]
100025610  NDUFA4; NDUFA4, mitochondrial complex associated [KO:K03948]
100013434  NDUFA5; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A5 [KO:K03949]
100018098  NDUFA6; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A6 [KO:K03950]
100017688  NDUFA7; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A7 [KO:K03951]
100016535  NDUFA8; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8 [KO:K03952]
100019378  NDUFA9; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9 [KO:K03953]
100619445  NDUFA10; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A10 [KO:K03954]
100015047  NDUFAB1; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1 [KO:K03955]
100025322  NDUFA11; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A11 [KO:K03956]
100012168  NDUFA12; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A12 [KO:K11352]
100012255  NDUFA13; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13 [KO:K11353]
100016103  NDUFB1; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B1 [KO:K03957]
100023986  NDUFB2; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B2 [KO:K03958]
100017266  NDUFB4; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B4 [KO:K03960]
100013786  NDUFB5; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B5 [KO:K03961]
100024279  NDUFB6; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B6 [KO:K03962]
100026423  NDUFB7; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B7 [KO:K03963]
100010541  NDUFB8; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 [KO:K03964]
100026210  NDUFB9; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B9 [KO:K03965]
100012012  NDUFB10; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B10 [KO:K03966]
100618050  NDUFB11; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B11 [KO:K11351]
100017188  NDUFS1; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100028959  NDUFS2; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S2 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100016907  NDUFS3; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100031559  NDUFS4; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 [KO:K03937]
100024981  NDUFS5; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S5 [KO:K03938]
100015850  NDUFS6; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S6 [KO:K03939]
100030784  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03939]
100020933  NDUFS7; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S7 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100618522  NDUFS8; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S8 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100019912  NDUFC1; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C1 [KO:K03967]
100027336  NDUFC2; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
751085  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
751078  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100032780  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C [KO:K00236]
100032261  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D [KO:K00237]
100012527  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
3074659  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
100017630  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
100020379  UQCRC1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
100026672  UQCRC2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
100023995  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
100030139  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
100015788  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
100030790  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
100013423  UQCR11; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit XI [KO:K00420]
3074662  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
3074660  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
3074663  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
100018068  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
103106696  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
100030045  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
100030336  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
100012494  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
100026117  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
100019961  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2-like [KO:K02267]
100013297  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
100023062  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2-like [KO:K02267]
100010650  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2-like [KO:K02267]
100022184  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2-like [KO:K02267]
103099076  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2-like [KO:K02267]
100020481  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2-like [KO:K02267]
100030489  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-2 [KO:K02268]
100016643  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100032291  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100618273  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100012618  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
100011523  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
100014981  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
103105219  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
100014124  ATP5A1; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle [KO:K02132]
103096959  ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02132]
100014350  ATP5B; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
100011414  ATP5C1; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, gamma polypeptide 1 [KO:K02136]
100022173  ATP5D; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, delta subunit [KO:K02134]
100021402  ATP5E; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, epsilon subunit [KO:K02135]
3074666  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
100033122  ATP5F1; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex subunit B1 [KO:K02127]
100018564  ATP5G1; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex subunit C1 (subunit 9) [KO:K02128]
100018948  ATP5G3; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex subunit C3 (subunit 9) [KO:K02128]
100023278  ATP5H; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex subunit D [KO:K02138]
100026076  ATP5O; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O subunit [KO:K02137]
100030487  ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02137]
100027682  ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02137]
100022645  ATP5J; ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex subunit F6 [KO:K02131]
3074667  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
100027082  PINK1; PTEN induced putative kinase 1 [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100010373  MCU; mitochondrial calcium uniporter [KO:K20858]
100019429  LRRK2; leucine rich repeat kinase 2 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100025882  HTRA2; HtrA serine peptidase 2 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
100016240  TRAP1; TNF receptor associated protein 1 [KO:K09488]
100014869  VDAC1; voltage dependent anion channel 1 [KO:K05862]
100012461  VDAC2; voltage dependent anion channel 2 [KO:K15040]
100030164  VDAC3; voltage dependent anion channel 3 [KO:K15041]
100011987  SLC25A4; solute carrier family 25 member 4 [KO:K05863]
100010639  SLC25A31; solute carrier family 25 member 31 [KO:K05863]
100010363  SLC25A6; solute carrier family 25 member 6 [KO:K05863]
100010487  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
100030680  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
100031958  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
100018337  ADP/ATP translocase 3-like [KO:K05863]
100014702  PPIF; peptidylprolyl isomerase F [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
100010620  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
100026811  cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
100013051  APAF1; apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
100027338  CASP9; caspase 9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
654273  CASP3; caspase 3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
654275  caspase-3-like protein 2 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100010357  PARK7; Parkinsonism associated deglycase [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
100010654  BCL2L1; BCL2 like 1 [KO:K04570]
100030412  BAX; BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator [KO:K02159]
100013460  MFN1; mitofusin 1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
100013425  MFN2; mitofusin 2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
100013478  KIF5C; kinesin family member 5C [KO:K10396]
100023318  KIF5B; kinesin family member 5B [KO:K10396]
100010999  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
100016881  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 [KO:K10407]
100029750  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
100010238  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
100010347  TUBA1B; tubulin alpha 1b [KO:K07374]
100010481  tubulin alpha-1D chain [KO:K07374]
100015203  tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
100022210  TUBA8; tubulin alpha 8 [KO:K07374]
100025645  TUBA3E; tubulin alpha 3e [KO:K07374]
100010436  TUBA1A; tubulin alpha-1 chain [KO:K07374]
100014040  TUBB6; tubulin beta 6 class V [KO:K07375]
100018067  TUBB4B; tubulin beta 4B class IVb [KO:K07375]
100021036  TUBB2B; tubulin beta 2B class IIb [KO:K07375]
100021064  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
100022562  TUBB; tubulin beta class I [KO:K07375]
100027039  TUBB1; tubulin beta 1 class VI [KO:K07375]
100027632  TUBB3; tubulin beta 3 class III [KO:K07375]
100024672  tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]
100025951  TUBB4A; tubulin beta 4A class IVa [KO:K07375]
497248  TP53; tumor protein p53 [KO:K04451]
100031265  DUSP1; dual specificity phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
100026605  NFE2L2; nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 [KO:K05638]
100024935  TXN2; thioredoxin 2 [KO:K03671]
100025434  DAXX; death domain associated protein [KO:K02308]
100031527  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100028089  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100618895  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100014993  SOD1; superoxide dismutase 1 [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
100012710  KEAP1; kelch like ECH associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
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  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
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Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:15767499
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Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
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Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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PMID:18047737
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Lim KL, Tan JM
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Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:29090092
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Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:12814656
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Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
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Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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PMID:20495568
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Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
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Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
PMID:24781149
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
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PMID:19230774
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Bezprozvanny I
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Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
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PMID:28468938
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  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
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Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:19663908
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Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
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Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
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FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
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PMID:23352769
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Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
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An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
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Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
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PMID:27103567
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Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
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ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
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Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:26297973
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  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:31100053
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Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Reference
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  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
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Reference
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  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
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  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
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  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
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  Authors
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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  Authors
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  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Reference
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Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
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PMID:25761946
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
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Reference
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de Vries RL, Przedborski S
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
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Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
PMID:25611507
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Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
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The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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PMID:28823929
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Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
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Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:29147906
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Oh SE, Mouradian MM
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Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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PMID:30370500
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Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
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Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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PMID:30937538
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Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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PMID:29720658
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Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
mdo00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
mdo00350  Tyrosine metabolism
mdo03050  Proteasome
mdo04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mdo04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
mdo04137  Mitophagy - animal
mdo04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mdo04210  Apoptosis
mdo04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
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Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (266)   
   KEGG GENES (266)   
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