KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mali00010 mali01200 mali01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mali00010 mali01200 mali01230 mali01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mali00010 mali00020 mali01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mali00010 mali00020 mali00620 mali00785 mali01200 mali01210 mali01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mali00020 mali01200 mali01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mali00020 mali01200 mali01210 mali01230 mali01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mali00020 mali01200 mali01210 mali01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mali00030 mali01200 mali01230 mali01100 mali01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mali00030 mali00230 mali01200 mali01230 mali01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:mali00052 mali01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:mali00052 mali01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:mali00520 mali01250 mali01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:mali00520 mali00052 mali01250 mali01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mali00520 mali01250 mali01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:mali00630 mali01200 mali01100 mali01110]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:mali00620 mali01200 mali01100 mali01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:mali00430 mali00620 mali01200 mali01100 mali01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mali00910 mali01100 mali01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mali00910 mali01100 mali01120]

Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:mali00190 mali01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:mali00190 mali01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:mali00190 mali01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:mali00190 mali01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:mali00190 mali01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:mali00190 mali01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:mali00190 mali01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mali00061 mali01212 mali01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mali00061 mali01212 mali01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mali00061 mali00071 mali01212 mali01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:mali00564 mali01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mali00230 mali01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mali00230 mali01232 mali01240 mali01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mali00230 mali01232 mali01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mali00230 mali00240 mali01232 mali01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mali00230 mali01232 mali01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mali00230 mali01232 mali01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mali00240 mali01232 mali01240 mali01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mali00240 mali01232 mali01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mali00240 mali00410 mali00770 mali01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mali00260 mali00680 mali01200 mali01230 mali01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:mali00260 mali01230 mali01100 mali01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mali00260 mali00630 mali00785 mali01200 mali01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:mali00270 mali00920 mali01200 mali01230 mali01100 mali01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mali00260 mali00270 mali01230 mali01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:mali00270 mali01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mali00290 mali00770 mali01210 mali01230 mali01100 mali01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mali00290 mali01230 mali01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:mali00290 mali01210 mali01230 mali01100 mali01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mali00300 mali01230 mali01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mali00220 mali01230 mali01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mali00330 mali01230 mali01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mali00330 mali01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:mali00330 mali01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:mali00330 mali01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:mali00340 mali01230 mali01100 mali01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mali00340 mali01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:mali00400 mali01230 mali01100 mali01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:mali00400 mali01230 mali01100 mali01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:mali00400 mali01230 mali01100 mali01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:mali00400 mali01230 mali01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:mali00350 mali01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mali00480 mali01240 mali01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:mali00540 mali01250 mali01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:mali00740 mali01240 mali01100 mali01110]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mali00760 mali01240 mali01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mali00770 mali01240 mali01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mali00780 mali01240 mali01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:mali00785 mali01240 mali01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:mali00790 mali00670 mali01240 mali01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mali00790 mali01240 mali01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:mali00860 mali01240 mali01100 mali01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:mali00860 mali01240 mali01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:mali00130 mali01240 mali01100 mali01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:mali00521 mali00523 mali00541 mali01250 mali01100 mali01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:mali00362 mali00622 mali01220 mali01100 mali01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:mali00362 mali01220 mali01100 mali01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:mali01501]
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation