KEGG DRUG

Search D number, generic name, trade name, and component

KEGG DRUG Database

KEGG DRUG is a comprehensive drug information resource for approved drugs in Japan, USA, and Europe unified based on the chemical structures and/or the chemical components, and associated with target, metabolizing enzyme, and other molecular interaction network information. All the marketed drugs in Japan, not only the prescription drugs but also the OTC drugs, are fully represented in KEGG DRUG and integrated with the package insert information (labels information). These include crude drugs and TCM (Tradictional Chinese Medicine) drugs.

Each KEGG DRUG entry is identified by the D number distinguishing the chemical structure of chemicals or the chemical component of mixtures. It is associated with the following information (see, for example, D01441 or Gleevec for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia).

Generic names (associated with chemical structures, see details below)
Representative trade names
Links to FDA approved drug labels information in DailyMed
Chemical structure, chemical component, peptide/polyketide sequence
Text description of activity and efficacy
Therapeutic category, ATC code, and other comments
Target molecules in the context of KEGG pathway maps
Drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters
Other interacting molecules including genomic biomarkers, CYP inducers/inhibitors, etc.
Adverse drug-drug interaction data (collected from the Japanese package inserts)
History of drug development represented as a KEGG DRUG structure map
Drug classification information in BRITE hierarchy
Links to outside databases

Drug Interaction Database

The KEGG drug interaction database contains known adverse drug-drug interactions associated with contraindications (CI) and precautions (P) extracted from the package inserts (drug labels) of all prescription drugs in Japan. The database currently contains over 200,000 interactions (D number pairs) involving more than 4,000 drugs (D number entries) together with annotation about CYP enzymes, overlapping targets, etc. (see reference)

Enter a set of D numbers to check if any interacting pair exists

Drug Classification

For representation of efficacy and therapeutic use, different drug classification systems are maintained as part of the KEGG BRITE functional hierarchies. The first group is based on the established classification systems to which KEGG DRUG entries are manually assigned. The classification may be examined with additional information on targets and metabolizing enzymes as well as marketed products linked to DailyMed, shown in a separate column or an additional hierarchy level.

Category Classification Additional info Remark

Prescription
drug ATC Classification Target Enzyme Product ATC 2013

USP drug classification Target Enzyme v5.0 (2011)

Therapeutic category of drugs in Japan Target Enzyme JP16 (2011)

OTC drug
(Japan) Classification of Japanese OTC drugs

Risk category of Japanese OTC drugs

Additive
(Japan) Pharmaceutical additives in Japan New!

The second group consists of additional classification systems developed by KEGG.

Category Classification Remark

Prescription drug Target-based classification

Antiinfectives

Antineoplastics

Crude drug
(Japan) TCM drugs in Japan See also: KEGG ENVIRON

Crude drugs in Japan

Furthermore, the following information is provided.

Category Information

Prescription drug Pharmacogenomic biomarkers in FDA drug labels

Drugs listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia

OTC drug Rx-to-OTC switch list in Japan

Rx-to-OTC switch list in the USA

Labels information (in Japanese) of all marketed drugs in Japan is provided through the Japanese version of KEGG DRUG.

KEGG DRUG Structure Maps

Many marketed drugs have been developed from lead compounds or existing drugs by introducing chemical structure transformations retaining the core chemical structures. KEGG DRUG structure maps graphically illustrate, in a manner similar to KEGG pathway maps, our knowledge on such drug development. They are in the Drug Development category of the KEGG PATHWAY database.

KEGG Pathway Maps: Drug Development

Generic Names and Trade Names

The chemical structure of a drug is identified by the standardized generic name, but the names can be different in different countries or organizations. The same structure may be called differently and the same name may mean different structures. To accomodate such differences the generic names are associated with the following codes in parentheses.

JAN - Japanese Approved Name
USAN - United States Adopted Name
NF - National Formulary drug name
INN - International Nonproprietary Name
BAN - British Approved Name
DCF - Dénomination commune française

Specifically, for the drugs in Japan and USA whether they are listed in the pharmacopoeia is denoted by:

JP16 - Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edition
USP - United States Pharmacopeia

which also imply the JAN and USAN names, respectively. Furthermore, the drugs in Japan include:

non-JP - Japanese standards for non-Pharmacopoeial crude drugs

for additional crude drugs.

Selected trade names (TNs) are also given in each KEGG DRUG entry. More names may be found from the outside link to DailyMed, which provides FDA approved labels information of marketed drugs.