KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:tup00010 tup01200 tup01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:tup00010 tup01200 tup01230 tup01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:tup00010 tup00020 tup01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:tup00010 tup00020 tup00620 tup00785 tup01200 tup01210 tup01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:tup00020 tup01200 tup01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:tup00020 tup01200 tup01210 tup01230 tup01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:tup00020 tup01200 tup01210 tup01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:tup00030 tup01200 tup01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:tup00030 tup01200 tup01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:tup00030 tup01200 tup01230 tup01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:tup00030 tup00230 tup01200 tup01230 tup01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:tup00040 tup01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:tup00052 tup01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:tup00040 tup00053 tup01240 tup01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:tup00500 tup01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:tup00500 tup01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:tup00520 tup01250 tup01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:tup00520 tup00052 tup01250 tup01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:tup00520 tup01250 tup01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:tup00280 tup00630 tup00640 tup01200 tup01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:tup00562 tup01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:tup00562 tup01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:tup00562 tup01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:tup00190 tup01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:tup00190 tup01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:tup00190 tup01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:tup00190 tup01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:tup00190 tup01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:tup00061 tup01212 tup01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:tup00061 tup01212 tup01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:tup00062 tup01212 tup01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:tup00062 tup01040 tup01212 tup01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:tup00061 tup00071 tup01212 tup01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:tup00071 tup01212 tup01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:tup01040 tup01212 tup01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:tup00100 tup01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:tup00100 tup01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:tup00120 tup01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:tup00120 tup01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:tup00140 tup01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:tup00140 tup01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:tup00140 tup01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:tup00140 tup01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:tup00140 tup01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:tup00561 tup01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:tup00561 tup01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:tup00564 tup01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:tup00564 tup01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:tup00564 tup01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:tup00600 tup01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:tup00600 tup01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:tup00600 tup00565 tup01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:tup00600 tup01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:tup00600 tup01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:tup00230 tup01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:tup00230 tup01232 tup01240 tup01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:tup00230 tup01232 tup01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:tup00230 tup00240 tup01232 tup01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:tup00230 tup01232 tup01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:tup00230 tup01232 tup01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:tup00240 tup01240 tup01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:tup00240 tup01232 tup01240 tup01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:tup00240 tup01232 tup01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:tup00240 tup00410 tup00770 tup01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:tup00260 tup01200 tup01230 tup01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:tup00260 tup00630 tup00785 tup01200 tup01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:tup00260 tup01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:tup00260 tup01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:tup00260 tup00270 tup01230 tup01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:tup00270 tup01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:tup00270 tup01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:tup00280 tup01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:tup00310 tup01210 tup01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:tup00220 tup01230 tup01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:tup00220 tup01230 tup01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:tup00330 tup01230 tup01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:tup00330 tup01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:tup00330 tup01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:tup00330 tup00260 tup01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:tup00330 tup01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:tup00330 tup01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:tup00340 tup01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:tup00350 tup01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:tup00350 tup01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:tup00350 tup01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:tup00380 tup01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:tup00380 tup01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:tup00250 tup00650 tup01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:tup00480 tup01240 tup01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:tup00510 tup01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:tup00510 tup01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:tup00510 tup01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:tup00512 tup01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:tup00515 tup01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:tup00563 tup01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:tup00601 tup01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:tup00601 tup01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:tup00603 tup01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:tup00604 tup01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:tup00532 tup00534 tup01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:tup00532 tup01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:tup00534 tup01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:tup00531 tup01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:tup00531 tup01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:tup00531 tup01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:tup00531 tup01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:tup00380 tup00760 tup01240 tup01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:tup00770 tup01240 tup01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:tup00785 tup01240 tup01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:tup00785 tup01240 tup01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:tup00790 tup01240 tup01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:tup00670 tup01240 tup01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:tup00860 tup01240 tup01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:tup00130 tup01240 tup01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:tup00900 tup01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:tup00900 tup01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity