KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:uar00010 uar01200 uar01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:uar00010 uar01200 uar01230 uar01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:uar00010 uar00020 uar01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:uar00010 uar00020 uar00620 uar00785 uar01200 uar01210 uar01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:uar00020 uar01200 uar01210 uar01230 uar01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:uar00030 uar01200 uar01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:uar00030 uar01200 uar01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:uar00030 uar01200 uar01230 uar01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:uar00030 uar00230 uar01200 uar01230 uar01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:uar00040 uar01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:uar00052 uar01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:uar00040 uar00053 uar01240 uar01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:uar00500 uar01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:uar00500 uar01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:uar00520 uar01250 uar01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:uar00520 uar00052 uar01250 uar01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:uar00520 uar01250 uar01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:uar00280 uar00630 uar00640 uar01200 uar01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:uar00562 uar01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:uar00562 uar01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:uar00562 uar01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:uar00190 uar01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:uar00190 uar01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:uar00190 uar01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:uar00190 uar01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:uar00190 uar01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:uar00190 uar01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:uar00190 uar01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:uar00061 uar01212 uar01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:uar00061 uar01212 uar01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:uar00061 uar01212 uar01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:uar00062 uar01212 uar01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:uar00062 uar01040 uar01212 uar01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:uar00061 uar00071 uar01212 uar01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:uar00071 uar01212 uar01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:uar01040 uar01212 uar01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:uar00100 uar01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:uar00100 uar01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:uar00120 uar01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:uar00120 uar01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:uar00140 uar01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:uar00140 uar01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:uar00140 uar01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:uar00140 uar01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:uar00140 uar01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:uar00561 uar01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:uar00561 uar01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:uar00564 uar01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:uar00564 uar01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:uar00564 uar01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:uar00600 uar01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:uar00600 uar01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:uar00600 uar00565 uar01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:uar00600 uar01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:uar00600 uar01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:uar00230 uar01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:uar00230 uar01232 uar01240 uar01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:uar00230 uar01232 uar01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:uar00230 uar00240 uar01232 uar01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:uar00230 uar01232 uar01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:uar00230 uar01232 uar01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:uar00240 uar01240 uar01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:uar00240 uar01232 uar01240 uar01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:uar00240 uar01232 uar01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:uar00240 uar00410 uar00770 uar01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:uar00260 uar01200 uar01230 uar01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:uar00260 uar00630 uar00785 uar01200 uar01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:uar00260 uar01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:uar00260 uar01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:uar00260 uar00270 uar01230 uar01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:uar00270 uar01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:uar00270 uar01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:uar00280 uar01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:uar00310 uar01210 uar01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:uar00220 uar01230 uar01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:uar00220 uar01230 uar01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:uar00330 uar01230 uar01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:uar00330 uar01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:uar00330 uar01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:uar00330 uar00260 uar01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:uar00330 uar01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:uar00330 uar01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:uar00340 uar01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:uar00350 uar01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:uar00350 uar01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:uar00350 uar01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:uar00380 uar01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:uar00380 uar01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:uar00250 uar00650 uar01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:uar00480 uar01240 uar01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:uar00510 uar01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:uar00510 uar01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:uar00510 uar01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:uar00512 uar01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:uar00515 uar01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:uar00563 uar01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:uar00601 uar01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:uar00601 uar01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:uar00603 uar01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:uar00604 uar01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:uar00532 uar00534 uar01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:uar00532 uar01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:uar00534 uar01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:uar00531 uar01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:uar00531 uar01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:uar00531 uar01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:uar00531 uar01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:uar00380 uar00760 uar01240 uar01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:uar00770 uar01240 uar01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:uar00785 uar01240 uar01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:uar00785 uar01240 uar01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:uar00790 uar01240 uar01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:uar00790 uar01240 uar01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:uar00670 uar01240 uar01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:uar00860 uar01240 uar01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:uar00130 uar01240 uar01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:uar00900 uar01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:uar00900 uar01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity