Entry
Name
Dopaminergic synapse - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
Dopamine (DA) is an important and prototypical slow neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, motivation and reward, learning and memory, and endocrine regulation. Once released from presynaptic axonal terminals, DA interacts with at least five receptor subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS), which have been divided into two groups: the D1-like receptors (D1Rs), comprising D1 and D5 receptors, both positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and cAMP production, and the D2-like receptors (D2Rs), comprising D2, D3, and D4 receptors, whose activation results in inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and suppression of cAMP production. In addition, D1Rs and D2Rs modulate intracellular Ca2+ levels and a number of Ca2+ -dependent intracellular signaling processes. Through diverse cAMP- and Ca2+-dependent and - independent mechanisms, DA influences neuronal activity, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Presynaptically localized D2Rs regulate synthesis and release of DA as the main autoreceptor of the dopaminergic system.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Network
Element
N00410 DRD1-GNAS-AC-PKA signaling pathway
N01040 Transport of dopamine to synaptic vesicle
N01790 Transport of dopamine into the neuron
Drug
D00059 Levodopa (JP18/USP/INN)
D00136 Haloperidol (JP18/USP/INN)
D00197 Reserpine (JP18/USP/INN)
D00252 Carbamazepine (JP18/USP/INN)
D00270 Chlorpromazine (USP/INN)
D00283 Clozapine (JAN/USP/INN)
D00303 Disopyramide (JP18/USAN/INN)
D00308 Droperidol (JP18/USP/INN)
D00354 Lamotrigine (JAN/USP/INN)
D00358 Lidocaine (JP18/USP/INN)
D00390 Triflupromazine (USP/INN)
D00403 Methotrimeprazine (USP)
D00426 Risperidone (JP18/USP/INN)
D00454 Olanzapine (JAN/USP/INN)
D00458 Quetiapine fumarate (JP18/USP)
D00477 Procainamide hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00479 Prochlorperazine maleate (JP18/USP)
D00493 Prochlorperazine (JAN/USP/INN)
D00502 Pergolide mesylate (USP)
D00503 Perphenazine (JP18/USP/INN)
D00505 Phenelzine sulfate (USP)
D00512 Phenytoin (JP18/USP/INN)
D00533 Oxcarbazepine (JAN/USP/INN)
D00538 Zonisamide (JP18/USP/INN)
D00559 Pramipexole dihydrochloride (USP)
D00560 Pimozide (JP18/USP/INN)
D00613 Fenoldopam mesylate (USP)
D00633 Dopamine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00637 Disopyramide phosphate (JAN/USP)
D00638 Flecainide acetate (JP18/USP)
D00639 Mexiletine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00640 Propafenone hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00642 Quinidine gluconate (USP)
D00643 Quinidine polygalacturonate
D00702 Buspirone hydrochloride (USP)
D00726 Metoclopramide (JP18/INN)
D00732 Chloroprocaine hydrochloride (USP)
D00737 Etidocaine hydrochloride
D00738 Mepivacaine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00739 Pramoxine hydrochloride (USP)
D00740 Procaine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00741 Tetracaine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00777 Amantadine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00780 Bromocriptine mesylate (USP)
D00781 Entacapone (JP18/USP/INN)
D00784 Ropinirole hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D00785 Selegiline hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D00786 Tolcapone (JAN/USP/INN)
D00788 Acetophenazine maleate (USAN)
D00789 Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00790 Chlorprothixene (JAN/USAN/INN)
D00791 Fluphenazine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D00792 Fluphenazine enanthate (JP18/USP)
D00793 Fluphenazine decanoate (JAN/USP)
D00794 Loxapine succinate (USP)
D00795 Mesoridazine besylate (USP)
D00796 Molindone hydrochloride (USP)
D00797 Promazine hydrochloride (USP)
D00798 Thioridazine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00799 Trifluoperazine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D00800 Triflupromazine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D00817 Bupropion hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D00826 Tranylcypromine sulfate (USP)
D00987 Cabergoline (JP18/USP/INN)
D01097 Lazabemide hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01101 Bromperidol (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01130 Thiethylperazine maleate (JAN/USP)
D01152 Oxethazaine (JP18/USAN)
D01164 Aripiprazole (JP18/USP/INN)
D01226 Sulpiride (JP18/USAN/INN)
D01243 Prilocaine hydrochloride (USP)
D01287 Levobupivacaine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01296 Methylphenidate hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01326 Aprindine hydrochloride (JP18/USAN)
D01447 Thioproperazine mesilate (JAN)
D01448 Trifluoperazine maleate (JAN)
D01450 Bupivacaine hydrochloride (USP)
D01455 Cifenline succinate (USAN)
D01477 Opipramol hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01482 Pipamperone hydrochloride (JAN)
D01505 Talipexole hydrochloride (JAN)
D01520 Levomepromazine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01522 Tiapride hydrochloride (JP18)
D01548 Mosapramine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01653 Benserazide hydrochloride (JP18)
D01742 Clebopride malate (JP18)
D01745 Domperidone (JP18/USAN/INN)
D01768 Benoxinate hydrochloride (USP)
D01785 Pirmenol hydrochloride hydrate (JAN)
D01860 Perazine dimalonate (JAN)
D01888 Safrazine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01898 Haloperidol decanoate (JAN/USP)
D01939 Ziprasidone hydrochloride (USP)
D02004 Apomorphine hydrochloride (USP)
D02022 Prochlorperazine mesilate (JAN)
D02037 Perphenazine maleate (JP18)
D02074 Amphetamine sulfate (USP)
D02078 Dextroamphetamine sulfate (USP)
D02086 Lidocaine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D02088 Tocainide hydrochloride (USP)
D02096 Fosphenytoin sodium (USP)
D02100 Ziprasidone mesylate (USAN)
D02102 Methadone hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D02162 Chlorprothixene hydrochloride (JAN)
D02163 Fluphenazine maleate (JAN)
D02182 Cocaine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D02208 Sultopride hydrochloride (JAN)
D02213 Metoclopramide hydrochloride (JAN)
D02220 Dibucaine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D02236 Flupentixol dihydrochloride (JAN)
D02239 Sparteine sulfate (JAN/USAN)
D02242 Methamphetamine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D02248 Levomepromazine maleate (JP18/USAN)
D02272 Quinidine sulfate (USP)
D02354 Thiethylperazine (USAN/INN)
D02562 Rasagiline mesylate (USAN)
D02564 Pargyline hydrochloride (USAN)
D02571 Sibutramine hydrochloride (USP)
D02604 Acepromazine maleate (USP)
D02608 Perazine fendizoate (JAN)
D02609 Prochlorperazine edisylate (USP)
D02610 Thiethylperazine malate (JAN)
D02612 Thiothixene hydrochloride (USP)
D02625 Trifluperidol (USAN/INN)
D02626 Bromperidol decanoate (USAN)
D02634 Alentemol hydrobromide (USAN)
D02644 Carphenazine maleate (USAN)
D02671 Mesoridazine (USAN/INN)
D02680 Pipotiazine palmitate (USAN)
D02688 Tiospirone hydrochloride (USAN)
D02729 Itopride hydrochloride (JAN)
D02775 Adrogolide hydrochloride (USAN)
D02780 Acamprosate calcium (JAN/USAN)
D02991 Articaine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D02995 Asenapine maleate (JAN/USAN)
D03153 Brasofensine maleate (USAN)
D03165 Bromocriptine (USAN/INN)
D03214 Aplindore fumarate (USAN)
D03239 Ladostigil tartrate (USAN)
D03274 Chlorpromazine hibenzate (JAN)
D03494 Ciladopa hydrochloride (USAN)
D03721 Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride (USAN)
D03733 Mofegiline hydrochloride (USAN)
D03740 Dextroamphetamine (USAN)
D03801 Diethylpropion hydrochloride (USP)
D03878 Dizocilpine maleate (USAN)
D03892 Dopexamine hydrochloride (USAN)
D03937 Ecopipam hydrochloride (USAN)
D03991 Encainide hydrochloride (USAN)
D04034 Chlorpromazine phenolphthalinate (JAN)
D04038 Perphenazine fendizoate (JAN)
D04048 Ropivacaine hydrochloride (USP)
D04092 Etryptamine acetate (USAN)
D04521 Indecainide hydrochloride (USAN)
D04694 Lergotrile mesylate (USAN)
D04747 Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (USAN)
D04774 Lorajmine hydrochloride (USAN)
D04820 Lurasidone hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D04965 Perphenazine hydrochloride
D04997 Methyldopate hydrochloride (USP)
D04999 Methylphenidate (USAN/INN)
D05008 Metoclopramide hydrochloride (USP)
D05010 Metopimazine (USAN/INN)
D05033 Milacemide hydrochloride (USAN)
D05040 Minaprine hydrochloride (USAN)
D05119 Napamezole hydrochloride (USAN)
D05124 Naxagolide hydrochloride (USAN)
D05339 Paliperidone (JAN/USP/INN)
D05340 Paliperidone palmitate (JAN/USAN)
D05454 Phenmetrazine hydrochloride (USP)
D05459 Phentermine hydrochloride (USP)
D05663 Pyrovalerone hydrochloride (USAN)
D05677 Quinelorane hydrochloride (USAN)
D05682 Quinpirole hydrochloride (USAN)
D05692 Radafaxine hydrochloride (USAN)
D05768 Rotigotine (JAN/USAN/INN)
D05775 Rufinamide (JAN/USP/INN)
D05804 Sarizotan hydrochloride (USAN)
D05832 Sibenadet hydrochloride (USAN)
D05891 Sonepiprazole mesylate (USAN)
D06203 Transcainide (USAN/INN)
D06204 Traxoprodil mesylate (USAN)
D06517 Pirmenol hydrochloride (USAN)
D06567 Bifeprunox mesylate (USAN)
D06623 Olanzapine pamoate (USAN)
D07515 Benzfetamine hydrochloride
D07563 Alizapride hydrochloride
D07595 Fosphenytoin sodium hydrate (JAN)
D07686 Chlorprothixene acetate
D07687 Chlorprothixene citrate
D07806 Dexmethylphenidate (INN)
D07836 Dihydroergocryptine mesilate
D07938 Bupropion hydrobromide (USAN)
D08057 Ibopamine hydrochloride
D08122 Levomethadone hydrochloride
D08127 Lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate
D08172 Melperone hydrochloride
D08311 Oxetacaine hydrochloride
D08369 Polyphloroglucinol phosphate
D08393 Pirlindole hydrochloride
D08457 Quinagolide hydrochloride (BAN)
D08459 Quinidine phenylethylbarbiturate
D08575 Tetrabenazine (JAN/INN)
D08637 Trifluperidol hydrochloride
D08692 Zuclopenthixol decanoate
D08693 Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride
D09215 Eslicarbazepine (USAN/INN)
D09366 Pardoprunox hydrochloride (USAN)
D09612 Eslicarbazepine acetate (USAN)
D09819 Chlorpromazine tannate (JAN)
D09876 Cariprazine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D09954 Pridopidine hydrochloride (USAN)
D10089 Amitifadine hydrochloride (USAN)
D10107 Dasolampanel (USAN/INN)
D10108 Dasolampanel etibutil (USAN)
D10109 Dasolampanel etibutil tosylate (USAN)
D10191 Safinamide mesylate (USAN)
D10309 Brexpiprazole (JAN/USAN/INN)
D10355 Aripiprazole cavoxil (USAN)
D10364 Aripiprazole lauroxil (USAN)
D10516 Aripiprazole hydrate (JAN)
D10697 Centanafadine (USAN/INN)
D10698 Centanafadine hydrochloride (USAN)
D10701 Deutetrabenazine (USAN/INN)
D10780 Perampanel hydrate (JAN)
D10825 Opicapone (JAN/USAN/INN)
D10870 Dasotraline hydrochloride (USAN)
D10999 Valbenazine tosylate (USAN)
D11169 Lumateperone (USAN/INN)
D11170 Lumateperone tosylate (USAN)
D11172 Midomafetamine (USAN/INN)
D11224 Sembragiline (USAN/INN)
D11328 Solriamfetol hydrochloride (USAN)
D11622 Amphetamine aspartate monohydrate
D11623 Dextroamphetamine saccharate
D11822 Mevidalen hydroxybenzoate (USAN)
D11839 Foslevodopa (JAN/USAN/INN)
D12215 Esmethadone hydrochloride (USAN)
D12813 Brilaroxazine (USAN/INN)
D12814 Brilaroxazine hydrochloride (USAN)
D12937 Midomafetamine hydrochloride (USAN)
Other DBs
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:
hsa ]
Gene
6570 SLC18A1; solute carrier family 18 member A1 [KO:K08155 ]
6571 SLC18A2; solute carrier family 18 member A2 [KO:K08155 ]
50632 CALY; calcyon neuron specific vesicular protein [KO:K15493 ]
3708 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958 ]
3709 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959 ]
3710 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960 ]
815 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alpha [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
816 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
817 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II delta [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
818 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
2353 FOS; Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit [KO:K04379 ]
1385 CREB1; cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 [KO:K05870 ]
1386 ATF2; activating transcription factor 2 [KO:K04450 ]
468 ATF4; activating transcription factor 4 [KO:K04374 ]
10488 CREB3; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
148327 CREB3L4; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 4 [KO:K09048 ]
64764 CREB3L2; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 2 [KO:K09048 ]
84699 CREB3L3; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 3 [KO:K09048 ]
90993 CREB3L1; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 1 [KO:K09048 ]
9586 CREB5; cAMP responsive element binding protein 5 [KO:K09047 ]
1388 ATF6B; activating transcription factor 6 beta [KO:K09049 ]
84152 PPP1R1B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B [KO:K15494 ]
6323 SCN1A; sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 [KO:K04833 ]
775 CACNA1C; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C [KO:K04850 ]
776 CACNA1D; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D [KO:K04851 ]
773 CACNA1A; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A [KO:K04344 ]
774 CACNA1B; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B [KO:K04849 ]
3760 KCNJ3; potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3 [KO:K04997 ]
3763 KCNJ6; potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 6 [KO:K05000 ]
3765 KCNJ9; potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 9 [KO:K05002 ]
3762 KCNJ5; potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5 [KO:K04999 ]
2770 GNAI1; G protein subunit alpha i1 [KO:K04630 ]
2771 GNAI2; G protein subunit alpha i2 [KO:K04630 ]
2773 GNAI3; G protein subunit alpha i3 [KO:K04630 ]
2775 GNAO1; G protein subunit alpha o1 [KO:K04534 ]
2790 GNG10; G protein subunit gamma 10 [KO:K04545 ]
2791 GNG11; G protein subunit gamma 11 [KO:K04546 ]
2792 GNGT1; G protein subunit gamma transducin 1 [KO:K04548 ]
2793 GNGT2; G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [KO:K04549 ]
5518 PPP2R1A; protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Aalpha [KO:K03456 ]
5519 PPP2R1B; protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Abeta [KO:K03456 ]
5520 PPP2R2A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Balpha [KO:K04354 ]
5521 PPP2R2B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bbeta [KO:K04354 ]
5522 PPP2R2C; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bgamma [KO:K04354 ]
55844 PPP2R2D; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bdelta [KO:K04354 ]
28227 PPP2R3B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''beta [KO:K11583 ]
55012 PPP2R3C; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''gamma [KO:K11583 ]
5523 PPP2R3A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''alpha [KO:K11583 ]
5525 PPP2R5A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'alpha [KO:K11584 ]
5526 PPP2R5B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'beta [KO:K11584 ]
5527 PPP2R5C; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'gamma [KO:K11584 ]
5528 PPP2R5D; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'delta [KO:K11584 ]
5529 PPP2R5E; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'epsilon [KO:K11584 ]
2903 GRIN2A; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A [KO:K05209 ]
2904 GRIN2B; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B [KO:K05210 ]
2890 GRIA1; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 [KO:K05197 ]
2891 GRIA2; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 [KO:K05198 ]
2892 GRIA3; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3 [KO:K05199 ]
2893 GRIA4; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4 [KO:K05200 ]
406 BMAL1; basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 [KO:K02296 ]
6531 SLC6A3; solute carrier family 6 member 3 [KO:K05036 ]
220074 LRTOMT; leucine rich transmembrane and O-methyltransferase domain containing [KO:K00545 ] [EC:2.1.1.6 ]
Compound
C00355 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C01161 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Beaulieu JM, Gainetdinov RR
Title
The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Neve KA, Seamans JK, Trantham-Davidson H
Title
Dopamine receptor signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Surmeier DJ, Ding J, Day M, Wang Z, Shen W
Title
D1 and D2 dopamine-receptor modulation of striatal glutamatergic signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Knab AM, Lightfoot JT
Title
Does the difference between physically active and couch potato lie in the dopamine system?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Greengard P, Allen PB, Nairn AC
Title
Beyond the dopamine receptor: the DARPP-32/protein phosphatase-1 cascade.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hu XT, Dong Y, Zhang XF, White FJ
Title
Dopamine D2 receptor-activated Ca2+ signaling modulates voltage-sensitive sodium currents in rat nucleus accumbens neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beaulieu JM, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG
Title
The Akt-GSK-3 signaling cascade in the actions of dopamine.
Journal
Reference
Authors
De Mei C, Ramos M, Iitaka C, Borrelli E
Title
Getting specialized: presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Seamans JK, Yang CR
Title
The principal features and mechanisms of dopamine modulation in the prefrontal cortex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yao WD, Spealman RD, Zhang J
Title
Dopaminergic signaling in dendritic spines.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Li YC, Gao WJ
Title
GSK-3beta activity and hyperdopamine-dependent behaviors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tang TS, Bezprozvanny I
Title
Dopamine receptor-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bergson C, Levenson R, Goldman-Rakic PS, Lidow MS
Title
Dopamine receptor-interacting proteins: the Ca(2+) connection in dopamine signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Missale C, Nash SR, Robinson SW, Jaber M, Caron MG
Title
Dopamine receptors: from structure to function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Quaak M, van Schayck CP, Knaapen AM, van Schooten FJ
Title
Genetic variation as a predictor of smoking cessation success. A promising preventive and intervention tool for chronic respiratory diseases?
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway