KEGG   PATHWAY: mmu05215
Entry
mmu05215                    Pathway                                

Name
Prostate cancer - Mus musculus (mouse)
Description
Prostate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of key molecular alterations in prostate-cancer cells implicates carcinogen defenses (GSTP1), growth-factor-signaling pathways (NKX3.1, PTEN, and p27), and androgens (AR) as critical determinants of the phenotype of prostate-cancer cells. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTP1) are detoxifying enzymes. Cells of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, devoid of GSTP1, undergo genomic damage mediated by carcinogens. NKX3.1, PTEN, and p27 regulate the growth and survival of prostate cells in the normal prostate. Inadequate levels of PTEN and NKX3.1 lead to a reduction in p27 levels and to increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor that is normally activated by its androgen ligand. During androgen withdrawal therapy, the AR signal transduction pathway also could be activated by amplification of the AR gene, by AR gene mutations, or by altered activity of AR coactivators. Through these mechanisms, tumor cells lead to the emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
mmu05215  Prostate cancer
mmu05215

Organism
Mus musculus (mouse) [GN:mmu]
Gene
14870  Gstp1; glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
14869  Gstp2; glutathione S-transferase, pi 2 [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
225884  Gstp3; glutathione S-transferase pi 3 [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
12576  Cdkn1b; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
12566  Cdk2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
12447  Ccne1; cyclin E1 [KO:K06626]
12448  Ccne2; cyclin E2 [KO:K06626]
19645  Rb1; RB transcriptional corepressor 1 [KO:K06618]
13555  E2f1; E2F transcription factor 1 [KO:K17454]
242705  E2f2; E2F transcription factor 2 [KO:K09389]
13557  E2f3; E2F transcription factor 3 [KO:K06620]
50528  Tmprss2; transmembrane protease, serine 2 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.-]
13876  Erg; ETS transcription factor [KO:K09435]
18792  Plau; plasminogen activator, urokinase [KO:K01348] [EC:3.4.21.73]
18791  Plat; plasminogen activator, tissue [KO:K01343] [EC:3.4.21.68]
17392  Mmp3; matrix metallopeptidase 3 [KO:K01394] [EC:3.4.24.17]
17395  Mmp9; matrix metallopeptidase 9 [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
21417  Zeb1; zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 [KO:K09299]
16178  Il1r2; interleukin 1 receptor, type II [KO:K04387]
20732  Spint1; serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz type 1 [KO:K15619]
104156  Etv5; ets variant 5 [KO:K15593]
16334  Ins2; insulin II [KO:K04526]
16333  Ins1; insulin I [KO:K04526]
18590  Pdgfa; platelet derived growth factor, alpha [KO:K04359]
18591  Pdgfb; platelet derived growth factor, B polypeptide [KO:K17386]
54635  Pdgfc; platelet-derived growth factor, C polypeptide [KO:K05450]
71785  Pdgfd; platelet-derived growth factor, D polypeptide [KO:K05450]
13645  Egf; epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]
21802  Tgfa; transforming growth factor alpha [KO:K08774]
16000  Igf1; insulin-like growth factor 1 [KO:K05459]
23920  Insrr; insulin receptor-related receptor [KO:K05086] [EC:2.7.10.1]
18595  Pdgfra; platelet derived growth factor receptor, alpha polypeptide [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
18596  Pdgfrb; platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
14182  Fgfr1; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 [KO:K04362] [EC:2.7.10.1]
14183  Fgfr2; fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 [KO:K05093] [EC:2.7.10.1]
13649  Egfr; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
13866  Erbb2; erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
16001  Igf1r; insulin-like growth factor I receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
18706  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
18707  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
74769  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
18709  Pik3r2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649]
18708  Pik3r1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649]
18710  Pik3r3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649]
19211  Pten; phosphatase and tensin homolog [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
18607  Pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
18095  Nkx3-1; NK3 homeobox 1 [KO:K09348]
11651  Akt1; thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
11652  Akt2; thymoma viral proto-oncogene 2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
23797  Akt3; thymoma viral proto-oncogene 3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
12371  Casp9; caspase 9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
12015  Bad; BCL2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
56458  Foxo1; forkhead box O1 [KO:K07201]
12575  Cdkn1a; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) [KO:K06625]
17246  Mdm2; transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
22059  Trp53; transformation related protein 53 [KO:K04451]
56637  Gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
12912  Creb1; cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 [KO:K05870]
11911  Atf4; activating transcription factor 4 [KO:K04374]
12913  Creb3; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
26427  Creb3l1; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 1 [KO:K09048]
208647  Creb3l2; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 2 [KO:K09048]
208677  Creb3l3; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3 [KO:K09048]
78284  Creb3l4; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 4 [KO:K09048]
231991  Creb5; cAMP responsive element binding protein 5 [KO:K09047]
12387  Ctnnb1; catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1 [KO:K02105]
12914  Crebbp; CREB binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
328572  Ep300; E1A binding protein p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
21414  Tcf7; transcription factor 7, T cell specific [KO:K02620]
21415  Tcf7l1; transcription factor 7 like 1 (T cell specific, HMG box) [KO:K04490]
21416  Tcf7l2; transcription factor 7 like 2, T cell specific, HMG box [KO:K04491]
16842  Lef1; lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 [KO:K04492]
12443  Ccnd1; cyclin D1 [KO:K04503]
12675  Chuk; conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
16150  Ikbkb; inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
16151  Ikbkg; inhibitor of kappaB kinase gamma [KO:K07210]
18035  Nfkbia; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha [KO:K04734]
18033  Nfkb1; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 [KO:K02580]
19697  Rela; v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) [KO:K04735]
12043  Bcl2; B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 [KO:K02161]
56717  Mtor; mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
14784  Grb2; growth factor receptor bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
20662  Sos1; SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K03099]
20663  Sos2; SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 [KO:K03099]
15461  Hras; Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene [KO:K02833]
16653  Kras; Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog [KO:K07827]
18176  Nras; neuroblastoma ras oncogene [KO:K07828]
11836  Araf; Araf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109880  Braf; Braf transforming gene [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110157  Raf1; v-raf-leukemia viral oncogene 1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
26395  Map2k1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
26396  Map2k2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
26413  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
26417  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
94224  Srd5a2; steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 [KO:K12344] [EC:1.3.1.22]
11835  Ar; androgen receptor [KO:K08557]
15519  Hsp90aa1; heat shock protein 90, alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1 [KO:K04079]
15516  Hsp90ab1; heat shock protein 90 alpha (cytosolic), class B member 1 [KO:K04079]
22027  Hsp90b1; heat shock protein 90, beta (Grp94), member 1 [KO:K09487]
Compound
C00280  Androstenedione
C00410  Progesterone
C00535  Testosterone
C00735  Cortisol
C00762  Cortisone
C00951  Estradiol-17beta
C01227  Dehydroepiandrosterone
C03917  Dihydrotestosterone
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C07653  Flutamide
C16038  2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine
Reference
  Authors
Nelson WG, De Marzo AM, Isaacs WB.
  Title
Prostate cancer.
  Journal
N Engl J Med 349:366-81 (2003)
DOI:10.1056/NEJMra021562
Reference
  Authors
Li L, Ittmann MM, Ayala G, Tsai MJ, Amato RJ, Wheeler TM, Miles BJ, Kadmon D, Thompson TC.
  Title
The emerging role of the PI3-K-Akt pathway in prostate cancer progression.
  Journal
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 8:108-18 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500776
Reference
  Authors
Pienta KJ, Bradley D.
  Title
Mechanisms underlying the development of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 12:1665-71 (2006)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0067
Reference
  Authors
Feldman BJ, Feldman D.
  Title
The development of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 1:34-45 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35094009
Reference
  Authors
Heinlein CA, Chang C.
  Title
Androgen receptor in prostate cancer.
  Journal
Endocr Rev 25:276-308 (2004)
DOI:10.1210/er.2002-0032
Reference
PMID:9422516
  Authors
Koivisto P, Kolmer M, Visakorpi T, Kallioniemi OP.
  Title
Androgen receptor gene and hormonal therapy failure of prostate cancer.
  Journal
Am J Pathol 152:1-9 (1998)
Reference
  Authors
Zhao XY, Malloy PJ, Krishnan AV, Swami S, Navone NM, Peehl DM, Feldman D.
  Title
Glucocorticoids can promote androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells through a mutated androgen receptor.
  Journal
Nat Med 6:703-6 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/76287
Reference
  Authors
Macri E, Loda M.
  Title
Role of p27 in prostate carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Cancer Metastasis Rev 17:337-44 (1998)
DOI:10.1023/A:1006133620914
Reference
  Authors
Steers WD.
  Title
5alpha-reductase activity in the prostate.
  Journal
Urology 58:17-24; discussion 24 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01299-7
Reference
PMID:8069858
  Authors
Lin D, Meyer DJ, Ketterer B, Lang NP, Kadlubar FF.
  Title
Effects of human and rat glutathione S-transferases on the covalent DNA binding of the N-acetoxy derivatives of heterocyclic amine carcinogens in vitro: a possible mechanism of organ specificity in their carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Cancer Res 54:4920-6 (1994)
Reference
  Authors
Grimes CA, Jope RS.
  Title
The multifaceted roles of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta in cellular signaling.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 65:391-426 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0301-0082(01)00011-9
Reference
  Authors
Leshem O, Madar S, Kogan-Sakin I, Kamer I, Goldstein I, Brosh R, Cohen Y, Jacob-Hirsch J, Ehrlich M, Ben-Sasson S, Goldfinger N, Loewenthal R, Gazit E, Rotter V, Berger R
  Title
TMPRSS2/ERG promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition through the ZEB1/ZEB2 axis in a prostate cancer model.
  Journal
PLoS One 6:e21650 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0021650
Reference
  Authors
Yu J, Yu J, Mani RS, Cao Q, Brenner CJ, Cao X, Wang X, Wu L, Li J, Hu M, Gong Y, Cheng H, Laxman B, Vellaichamy A, Shankar S, Li Y, Dhanasekaran SM, Morey R, Barrette T, Lonigro RJ, Tomlins SA, Varambally S, Qin ZS, Chinnaiyan AM
  Title
An integrated network of androgen receptor, polycomb, and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions in prostate cancer progression.
  Journal
Cancer Cell 17:443-54 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.03.018
Reference
  Authors
Squire JA
  Title
TMPRSS2-ERG and PTEN loss in prostate cancer.
  Journal
Nat Genet 41:509-10 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/ng0509-509
Reference
  Authors
Adamo P, Ladomery MR
  Title
The oncogene ERG: a key factor in prostate cancer.
  Journal
Oncogene 35:403-14 (2016)
DOI:10.1038/onc.2015.109
Reference
  Authors
Burdova A, Bouchal J, Tavandzis S, Kolar Z
  Title
TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer.
  Journal
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 158:502-10 (2014)
DOI:10.5507/bp.2014.065
Reference
  Authors
Helgeson BE, Tomlins SA, Shah N, Laxman B, Cao Q, Prensner JR, Cao X, Singla N, Montie JE, Varambally S, Mehra R, Chinnaiyan AM
  Title
Characterization of TMPRSS2:ETV5 and SLC45A3:ETV5 gene fusions in prostate cancer.
  Journal
Cancer Res 68:73-80 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5352
Reference
  Authors
Kim H, Datta A, Talwar S, Saleem SN, Mondal D, Abdel-Mageed AB
  Title
Estradiol-ERbeta2 signaling axis confers growth and migration of CRPC cells through TMPRSS2-ETV5 gene fusion.
  Journal
Oncotarget 8:62820-62833 (2017)
DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.11355
Related
pathway
mmu00140  Steroid hormone biosynthesis
mmu04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mmu04060  Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
mmu04110  Cell cycle
mmu04115  p53 signaling pathway
mmu04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
mmu04210  Apoptosis
mmu05202  Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
KO pathway
ko05215   

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Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (99)   
   KEGG GENES (99)   
All databases (100)   

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