Entry |
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Name |
Long-term depression - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
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Description |
Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cells (PCs) induced by the conjunctive activation of PFs and climbing fiber (CF). Multiple signal transduction pathways have been shown to be involved in this process. Activation of PFs terminating on spines in dendritic branchlets leads to glutamate release and activation of both AMPA and mGluRs. Activation of CFs, which make multiple synaptic contacts on proximal dendrites, also via AMPA receptors, opens voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and causes a generalized influx of calcium. These cellular signals, generated from two different synaptic origins, trigger a cascade of events culminating in a phosphorylation-dependent, long-term reduction in AMPA receptor sensitivity at the PF-PC synapse. This may take place either through receptor internalization and/or through receptor desensitization.
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Class |
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
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Pathway map |

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Other DBs |
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Organism |
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN: rno]
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Gene |
25206 | Gucy1b2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2 isoform 2 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2] |
266705 | Ppp1r17; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 17 [KO:K08067] |
117281 | Ppp2r1a; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456] |
315648 | Ppp2r1b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456] |
24672 | Ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16] |
24673 | Ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16] |
58960 | Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2] |
79220 | Grid2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 precursor [KO:K05207] |
24414 | Grm1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform alpha precursor [KO:K04603] |
25686 | Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630] |
25643 | Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630] |
81664 | Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630] |
50664 | Gnao1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534] |
25740 | Gnaz; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha [KO:K04535] |
24896 | Gnas; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor [KO:K04632] |
81663 | Gna12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346] |
303634 | Gna13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639] |
81666 | Gnaq; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634] |
81662 | Gna11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635] |
24654 | Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11] |
29322 | Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11] |
85240 | Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11] |
25031 | Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11] |
50592 | Gria1; glutamate receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05197] |
29627 | Gria2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K05198] |
29628 | Gria3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K05199] |
25398 | Cacna1a; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344] |
25262 | Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform 3 [KO:K04958] |
81678 | Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959] |
25679 | Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960] |
58959 | Crhr1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04578] |
24482 | Igf1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform d preproprotein [KO:K05459] |
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Compound |
C01245 | D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Ito M. |
Title |
The molecular organization of cerebellar long-term depression. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Ito M. |
Title |
Cerebellar long-term depression: characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Purves D, Augustine GJ (ed). |
Title |
Neuroscience |
Journal |
Sunderland, Mass.:Sinauer Associates (2004) |
Reference |
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Authors |
Daniel H, Levenes C, Crepel F. |
Title |
Cellular mechanisms of cerebellar LTD. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Levenes C, Daniel H, Crepel F. |
Title |
Long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum: cellular and molecular mechanisms revisited. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Metzger F, Kapfhammer JP. |
Title |
Protein kinase C: its role in activity-dependent Purkinje cell dendritic development and plasticity. |
Journal |
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Related pathway |
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KO pathway |
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