KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04613
Entry
hsa04613                    Pathway                                
Name
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
Neutrophils play a central role in innate immune defense. One of the mechanisms of neutrophil action is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the extracellular structures composed of chromatin coated with histones, proteases and granular and cytosolic proteins that help catch and kill microorganisms. NETs are formed by a process known as "NETosis" that can be triggered by microorganisms and endogenous stimuli, such as damage-associated molecular patterns and immune complexes, and involves activation in most cases of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent study has reported that there are two different mechanisms of NETosis, including a lytic NETosis and a vital NETosis. Lytic NETosis begins with nuclear delobulation and the disassembly of the nuclear envelope and continues with loss of cellular polarization, chromatin decondensation and plasma membrane rupture. Vital NETosis can occur independently of cell death and involves the secreted expulsion of nuclear chromatin that is accompanied by the release of granule proteins through degranulation.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
Pathway map
hsa04613  Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
hsa04613

Drug
D01666  Bropirimine (JAN/USAN/INN)
D02500  Imiquimod (JAN/USP/INN)
D04619  Isatoribine (USAN)
D04787  Loxoribine (USAN/INN)
D09892  Egaptivon pegol (USAN)
D11003  Vesatolimod (USAN/INN)
D11480  Crizanlizumab (USAN/INN)
D11871  Selgantolimod (USAN/INN)
D12261  Enpatoran (USAN/INN)
D12356  Zilucoplan sodium (JAN)
D12357  Zilucoplan (USAN/INN)
D12453  Guretolimod (USAN/INN)
D12521  Ruzotolimod (USAN/INN)
D12551  Bocodepsin (USAN)
D12552  Bocodepsin besylate (USAN)
D12624  Paridiprubart (USAN/INN)
D12647  Mitiperstat (USAN/INN)
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
10000  AKT3; AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
10013  HDAC6; histone deacetylase 6 [KO:K11407] [EC:3.5.1.98]
10014  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
10105  PPIF; peptidylprolyl isomerase F [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
102723407  IGH; immunoglobulin heavy variable 4-38-2-like [KO:K06856]
102724334  [KO:K11252]
10533  ATG7; autophagy related 7 [KO:K08337]
110117499  P3R3URF-PIK3R3; P3R3URF-PIK3R3 readthrough [KO:K02649]
114483833  H2BK1; H2B.K variant histone 1 [KO:K11252]
115482686  H2AL3; H2A.L variant histone 3 [KO:K11251]
1182  CLCN3; chloride voltage-gated channel 3 [KO:K05012]
1183  CLCN4; chloride voltage-gated channel 4 [KO:K05012]
1184  CLCN5; chloride voltage-gated channel 5 [KO:K05012]
121504  H4C16; H4 histone 16 [KO:K11254]
124905743  FCGR3B; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B [KO:K06463]
126961  H3C14; H3 clustered histone 14 [KO:K11253]
128312  H2BC26; H2B clustered histone 26 [KO:K11252]
1378  CR1; complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group) [KO:K04011]
1379  CR1L; complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 like [KO:K04011]
1432  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
1511  CTSG; cathepsin G [KO:K01319] [EC:3.4.21.20]
1535  CYBA; cytochrome b-245 alpha chain [KO:K08009]
1536  CYBB; cytochrome b-245 beta chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
158983  H2BW1; H2B.W histone 1 [KO:K11252]
177  AGER; advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor [KO:K19722]
1991  ELANE; elastase, neutrophil expressed [KO:K01327] [EC:3.4.21.37]
207  AKT1; AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
208  AKT2; AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
2209  FCGR1A; Fc gamma receptor Ia [KO:K06498]
2212  FCGR2A; Fc gamma receptor IIa [KO:K06472]
2214  FCGR3A; Fc gamma receptor IIIa [KO:K06463]
2215  FCGR3B; Fc gamma receptor IIIb [KO:K06463]
221613  H2AC1; H2A clustered histone 1 [KO:K11251]
2243  FGA; fibrinogen alpha chain [KO:K03903]
2244  FGB; fibrinogen beta chain [KO:K03904]
2266  FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain [KO:K03905]
23236  PLCB1; phospholipase C beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
23569  PADI4; peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 [KO:K24669]
2357  FPR1; formyl peptide receptor 1 [KO:K04172]
2358  FPR2; formyl peptide receptor 2 [KO:K04173]
2359  FPR3; formyl peptide receptor 3 [KO:K04173]
2475  MTOR; mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
255626  H2BC1; H2B clustered histone 1 [KO:K11252]
27180  SIGLEC9; sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 9 [KO:K06740]
2811  GP1BA; glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha [KO:K06261]
286436  H2BW2; H2B.W histone 2 [KO:K11252]
291  SLC25A4; solute carrier family 25 member 4 [KO:K05863]
292  SLC25A5; solute carrier family 25 member 5 [KO:K05863]
293  SLC25A6; solute carrier family 25 member 6 [KO:K05863]
3012  H2AC8; H2A clustered histone 8 [KO:K11251]
3013  H2AC7; H2A clustered histone 7 [KO:K11251]
3014  H2AX; H2A.X variant histone [KO:K11251]
3015  H2AZ1; H2A.Z variant histone 1 [KO:K11251]
3017  H2BC5; H2B clustered histone 5 [KO:K11252]
3018  H2BC3; H2B clustered histone 3 [KO:K11252]
3020  H3-3A; H3.3 histone A [KO:K11253]
3021  H3-3B; H3.3 histone B [KO:K11253]
3065  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
3066  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
3146  HMGB1; high mobility group box 1 [KO:K10802]
317772  H2AC21; H2A clustered histone 21 [KO:K11251]
333932  H3C15; H3 clustered histone 15 [KO:K11253]
340096  H3Y2; H3.Y histone 2 [KO:K11253]
366  AQP9; aquaporin 9 [KO:K09877]
3674  ITGA2B; integrin subunit alpha 2b [KO:K06476]
3683  ITGAL; integrin subunit alpha L [KO:K05718]
3684  ITGAM; integrin subunit alpha M [KO:K06461]
3689  ITGB2; integrin subunit beta 2 [KO:K06464]
3690  ITGB3; integrin subunit beta 3 [KO:K06493]
391769  H3Y1; H3.Y histone 1 [KO:K11253]
4353  MPO; myeloperoxidase [KO:K10789] [EC:1.11.2.2]
440093  H3-5; H3.5 histone [KO:K11253]
440686  H3-7; H3.7 histone (putative) [KO:K11253]
440689  H2BC18; H2B clustered histone 18 [KO:K11252]
4688  NCF2; neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 [KO:K08010]
4689  NCF4; neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 [KO:K08012]
474381  H2AB2; H2A.B variant histone 2 [KO:K11251]
474382  H2AB1; H2A.B variant histone 1 [KO:K11251]
4790  NFKB1; nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 [KO:K02580]
51284  TLR7; toll like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
51311  TLR8; toll like receptor 8 [KO:K10170]
51564  HDAC7; histone deacetylase 7 [KO:K11408] [EC:3.5.1.98]
5290  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5291  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5293  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5295  PIK3R1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649]
5296  PIK3R2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649]
5330  PLCB2; phospholipase C beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5331  PLCB3; phospholipase C beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5332  PLCB4; phospholipase C beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5335  PLCG1; phospholipase C gamma 1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5336  PLCG2; phospholipase C gamma 2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
54145  H2BC12L; H2B clustered histone 12 like [KO:K11252]
554313  H4C15; H4 clustered histone 15 [KO:K11254]
55506  MACROH2A2; macroH2A.2 histone [KO:K11251]
55766  H2AJ; H2A.J histone [KO:K11251]
5578  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5579  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5582  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
55869  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
5594  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5595  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5600  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5603  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5604  MAP2K1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5605  MAP2K2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
566  AZU1; azurocidin 1 [KO:K24665]
5879  RAC1; Rac family small GTPase 1 [KO:K04392]
5880  RAC2; Rac family small GTPase 2 [KO:K07860]
5894  RAF1; Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5970  RELA; RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit [KO:K04735]
60  ACTB; actin beta [KO:K05692]
6300  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
6403  SELP; selectin P [KO:K06496]
6404  SELPLG; selectin P ligand [KO:K06544]
64581  CLEC7A; C-type lectin domain containing 7A [KO:K10074]
653361  NCF1; neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 [KO:K08011]
653604  H3C13; H3 clustered histone 13 [KO:K11253]
6714  SRC; SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
6850  SYK; spleen associated tyrosine kinase [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
6885  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
7097  TLR2; toll like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
7099  TLR4; toll like receptor 4 [KO:K10160]
71  ACTG1; actin gamma 1 [KO:K05692]
718  C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]
723790  H2AC19; H2A clustered histone 19 [KO:K11251]
727  C5; complement C5 [KO:K03994]
728  C5AR1; complement C5a receptor 1 [KO:K04010]
7416  VDAC1; voltage dependent anion channel 1 [KO:K05862]
7417  VDAC2; voltage dependent anion channel 2 [KO:K15040]
7419  VDAC3; voltage dependent anion channel 3 [KO:K15041]
7450  VWF; von Willebrand factor [KO:K03900]
79792  GSDMD; gasdermin D [KO:K20917]
79885  HDAC11; histone deacetylase 11 [KO:K11418] [EC:3.5.1.98]
820  CAMP; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
8290  H3-4; H3.4 histone, cluster member [KO:K11253]
8294  H4C9; H4 clustered histone 9 [KO:K11254]
8329  H2AC13; H2A clustered histone 13 [KO:K11251]
8330  H2AC15; H2A clustered histone 15 [KO:K11251]
8331  H2AC14; H2A clustered histone 14 [KO:K11251]
8332  H2AC16; H2A clustered histone 16 [KO:K11251]
8334  H2AC6; H2A clustered histone 6 [KO:K11251]
8335  H2AC4; H2A clustered histone 4 [KO:K11251]
8336  H2AC17; H2A clustered histone 17 [KO:K11251]
8337  H2AC18; H2A clustered histone 18 [KO:K11251]
8338  H2AC20; H2A clustered histone 20 [KO:K11251]
8339  H2BC8; H2B clustered histone 8 [KO:K11252]
834  CASP1; caspase 1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
8340  H2BC13; H2B clustered histone 13 [KO:K11252]
8341  H2BC15; H2B clustered histone 15 [KO:K11252]
8342  H2BC14; H2B clustered histone 14 [KO:K11252]
8343  H2BC7; H2B clustered histone 7 [KO:K11252]
8344  H2BC6; H2B clustered histone 6 [KO:K11252]
83447  SLC25A31; solute carrier family 25 member 31 [KO:K05863]
8345  H2BC9; H2B clustered histone 9 [KO:K11252]
8346  H2BC10; H2B clustered histone 10 [KO:K11252]
8347  H2BC4; H2B clustered histone 4 [KO:K11252]
8348  H2BC17; H2B clustered histone 17 [KO:K11252]
8349  H2BC21; H2B clustered histone 21 [KO:K11252]
8350  H3C1; H3 clustered histone 1 [KO:K11253]
8351  H3C4; H3 clustered histone 4 [KO:K11253]
8352  H3C3; H3 clustered histone 3 [KO:K11253]
8353  H3C6; H3 clustered histone 6 [KO:K11253]
8354  H3C11; H3 clustered histone 11 [KO:K11253]
8355  H3C8; H3 clustered histone 8 [KO:K11253]
8356  H3C12; H3 clustered histone 12 [KO:K11253]
8357  H3C10; H3 clustered histone 10 [KO:K11253]
8358  H3C2; H3 clustered histone 2 [KO:K11253]
8359  H4C1; H4 clustered histone 1 [KO:K11254]
8360  H4C4; H4 clustered histone 4 [KO:K11254]
8361  H4C6; H4 clustered histone 6 [KO:K11254]
8362  H4C12; H4 clustered histone 12 [KO:K11254]
8363  H4C11; H4 clustered histone 11 [KO:K11254]
8364  H4C3; H4 clustered histone 3 [KO:K11254]
8365  H4C8; H4 clustered histone 8 [KO:K11254]
8366  H4C2; H4 clustered histone 2 [KO:K11254]
8367  H4C5; H4 clustered histone 5 [KO:K11254]
8368  H4C13; H4 clustered histone 13 [KO:K11254]
8369  H4C7; H4 clustered histone 7 [KO:K11254]
837  CASP4; caspase 4 [KO:K04394] [EC:3.4.22.57 3.4.22.64]
8370  H4C14; H4 clustered histone 14 [KO:K11254]
83740  H2AB3; H2A.B variant histone 3 [KO:K11251]
83933  HDAC10; histone deacetylase 10 [KO:K18671] [EC:3.5.1.98]
8503  PIK3R3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649]
8520  HAT1; histone acetyltransferase 1 [KO:K11303] [EC:2.3.1.48]
85235  H2AC12; H2A clustered histone 12 [KO:K11251]
85236  H2BC12; H2B clustered histone 12 [KO:K11252]
8841  HDAC3; histone deacetylase 3 [KO:K11404] [EC:3.5.1.98]
8968  H3C7; H3 clustered histone 7 [KO:K11253]
8969  H2AC11; H2A clustered histone 11 [KO:K11251]
8970  H2BC11; H2B clustered histone 11 [KO:K11252]
92815  H2AC25; H2A clustered histone 25 [KO:K11251]
94239  H2AZ2; H2A.Z variant histone 2 [KO:K11251]
9555  MACROH2A1; macroH2A.1 histone [KO:K11251]
9734  HDAC9; histone deacetylase 9 [KO:K11409] [EC:3.5.1.98]
9759  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00039  DNA
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00338  Lipopolysaccharide
C00464  Mannan
C00518  Hyaluronate
C00551  beta-D-Glucan
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05151  12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11221  Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester
Reference
PMID:29543328
  Authors
Van Avondt K, Hartl D
  Title
Mechanisms and disease relevance of neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
  Journal
Eur J Clin Invest 48 Suppl 2:e12919 (2018)
DOI:10.1111/eci.12919
Reference
PMID:31518165
  Authors
Sorvillo N, Cherpokova D, Martinod K, Wagner DD
  Title
Extracellular DNA NET-Works With Dire Consequences for Health.
  Journal
Circ Res 125:470-488 (2019)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314581
Reference
PMID:28990587
  Authors
Papayannopoulos V
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 18:134-147 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nri.2017.105
Reference
PMID:24837201
  Authors
Liu FC, Chuang YH, Tsai YF, Yu HP
  Title
Role of neutrophil extracellular traps following injury.
  Journal
Shock 41:491-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000146
Reference
PMID:27570525
  Authors
Yang H, Biermann MH, Brauner JM, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Herrmann M
  Title
New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:302 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302
Reference
PMID:28983472
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bochenska O, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Seweryn-Ozog K, Aoki W, Ueda M, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Aspartic Proteases and Major Cell Wall Components in Candida albicans Trigger the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7:414 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00414
Reference
PMID:29382950
  Authors
Honda M, Kubes P
  Title
Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in the liver and gastrointestinal system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:206-221 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.183
Reference
PMID:31416265
  Authors
Hamam HJ, Palaniyar N
  Title
Post-Translational Modifications in NETosis and NETs-Mediated Diseases.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:E369 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080369
Reference
PMID:31767647
  Authors
Burgener SS, Schroder K
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 12:a037028 (2020)
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a037028
Reference
PMID:33202203
  Authors
Vorobjeva NV, Chernyak BV
  Title
NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 85:1178-1190 (2020)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297920100065
Reference
PMID:31416173
  Authors
Ravindran M, Khan MA, Palaniyar N
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Physiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:E365 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080365
Reference
PMID:28267716
  Authors
Jorch SK, Kubes P
  Title
An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease.
  Journal
Nat Med 23:279-287 (2017)
DOI:10.1038/nm.4294
Reference
PMID:31342866
  Authors
Goggs R, Jeffery U, LeVine DN, Li RHL
  Title
Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review.
  Journal
Vet Pathol 57:6-23 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/0300985819861721
Reference
PMID:27876233
  Authors
Kim SJ, Jenne CN
  Title
Role of platelets in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production and tissue injury.
  Journal
Semin Immunol 28:546-554 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.013
Reference
PMID:29572545
  Authors
de Bont CM, Boelens WC, Pruijn GJM
  Title
NETosis, complement, and coagulation: a triangular relationship.
  Journal
Cell Mol Immunol 16:19-27 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41423-018-0024-0
Reference
PMID:31129510
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bartnicka D, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
UVA and UVB radiation induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by human polymorphonuclear cells.
  Journal
J Photochem Photobiol B 196:111511 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111511
Reference
PMID:21293492
  Authors
Remijsen Q, Kuijpers TW, Wirawan E, Lippens S, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T
  Title
Dying for a cause: NETosis, mechanisms behind an antimicrobial cell death modality.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 18:581-8 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.1
Reference
PMID:23819131
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - formation and implications.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Pol 60:277-84 (2013)
Reference
PMID:28373871
  Authors
Rosales C
  Title
Fcgamma Receptor Heterogeneity in Leukocyte Functional Responses.
  Journal
Front Immunol 8:280 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00280
Reference
PMID:25716722
  Authors
Vorobjeva NV, Pinegin BV
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation and role in health and disease.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 79:1286-96 (2014)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297914120025
Reference
PMID:28220120
  Authors
Delgado-Rizo V, Martinez-Guzman MA, Iniguez-Gutierrez L, Garcia-Orozco A, Alvarado-Navarro A, Fafutis-Morris M
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Its Implications in Inflammation: An Overview.
  Journal
Front Immunol 8:81 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00081
Reference
PMID:30023352
  Authors
Fonseca Z, Diaz-Godinez C, Mora N, Aleman OR, Uribe-Querol E, Carrero JC, Rosales C
  Title
Entamoeba histolytica Induce Signaling via Raf/MEK/ERK for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:226 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00226
Reference
PMID:27923601
  Authors
Agraz-Cibrian JM, Giraldo DM, Mary FM, Urcuqui-Inchima S
  Title
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETs and their role in antiviral innate immunity.
  Journal
Virus Res 228:124-133 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.033
Reference
PMID:27698656
  Authors
Schonrich G, Raftery MJ
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Go Viral.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:366 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00366
Reference
PMID:22817992
  Authors
Saitoh T, Komano J, Saitoh Y, Misawa T, Takahama M, Kozaki T, Uehata T, Iwasaki H, Omori H, Yamaoka S, Yamamoto N, Akira S
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate a host defense response to human immunodeficiency virus-1.
  Journal
Cell Host Microbe 12:109-16 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.015
Reference
PMID:29908538
  Authors
Kumar S, Gupta E, Kaushik S, Jyoti A
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Formation and Involvement in Disease Progression.
  Journal
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 17:208-220 (2018)
Related
pathway
hsa04010  MAPK signaling pathway
hsa04020  Calcium signaling pathway
hsa04140  Autophagy - animal
hsa04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
hsa04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
hsa04611  Platelet activation
hsa04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
hsa04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
hsa04666  Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
KO pathway
ko04613   

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