PATHWAY: ko00010 Help
Entry Name Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Description Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:
M00001 ]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:
M00307 ]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:
M00002 ], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:
M00003 ].
Class Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolismBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map ko00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Module M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ko00010 ]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ko00010 ]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ko00010 ]
Other DBs Orthology K00121 frmA, ADH5, adhC; S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase / alcohol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.284 1.1.1.1 ]
K00131 gapN; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.2.1.9 ]
K00134 GAPDH, gapA; glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) [EC:1.2.1.12 ]
K00138 aldB; aldehyde dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.-]
K00150 gap2, gapB; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) [EC:1.2.1.59 ]
K00161 PDHA; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha [EC:1.2.4.1 ]
K00162 PDHB; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta [EC:1.2.4.1 ]
K00169 porA; pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase alpha subunit [EC:1.2.7.1 ]
K00170 porB; pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase beta subunit [EC:1.2.7.1 ]
K00171 porD; pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase delta subunit [EC:1.2.7.1 ]
K00172 porC, porG; pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase gamma subunit [EC:1.2.7.1 ]
K00174 korA, oorA, oforA; 2-oxoglutarate/2-oxoacid ferredoxin oxidoreductase subunit alpha [EC:1.2.7.3 1.2.7.11 ]
K00175 korB, oorB, oforB; 2-oxoglutarate/2-oxoacid ferredoxin oxidoreductase subunit beta [EC:1.2.7.3 1.2.7.11 ]
K00189 vorG, porG; 2-oxoisovalerate/pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase gamma subunit [EC:1.2.7.7 1.2.7.1 ]
K00627 DLAT, aceF, pdhC; pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 component (dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase) [EC:2.3.1.12 ]
K01596 E4.1.1.32, pckA, PCK; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) [EC:4.1.1.32 ]
K01624 FBA, fbaA; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class II [EC:4.1.2.13 ]
K01834 PGAM, gpmA; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.11 ]
K01905 acdA; acetate---CoA ligase (ADP-forming) subunit alpha [EC:6.2.1.13 ]
K02753 ascF; beta-glucoside (arbutin/salicin/cellobiose) PTS system EIICB component [EC:2.7.1.-]
K02777 crr; sugar PTS system EIIA component [EC:2.7.1.-]
K03103 MINPP1; multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase / 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.62 3.1.3.80 ]
K03737 por, nifJ; pyruvate-ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.2.7.1 1.2.7.-]
K04022 eutG; alcohol dehydrogenase
K06859 pgi1; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, archaeal [EC:5.3.1.9 ]
K10705 GAPDHS; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating), spermatogenic [EC:1.2.1.12 ]
K11389 gapor; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) [EC:1.2.7.6 ]
K13953 adhP; alcohol dehydrogenase, propanol-preferring [EC:1.1.1.1 ]
K14028 mdh1, mxaF; methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) subunit 1 [EC:1.1.2.7 ]
K14029 mdh2, mxaI; methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) subunit 2 [EC:1.1.2.7 ]
K15633 gpmI; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.12 ]
K15634 gpmB; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.11 ]
K15635 apgM; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.12 ]
K18978 gapN; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.2.1.90 ]
K20118 ptsG, glcA, glcB; glucose PTS system EIICBA or EIICB component [EC:2.7.1.199 ]
K21071 pfk, pfp; ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase / diphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase [EC:2.7.1.11 2.7.1.90 ]
K22224 acdB; acetate---CoA ligase (ADP-forming) subunit beta [EC:6.2.1.13 ]
K22473 adhA; alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone), dehydrogenase subunit [EC:1.1.5.5 ]
K22474 adhB; alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone), cytochrome c subunit [EC:1.1.5.5 ]
K24012 acdAB; acetate---CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
K24182 PFK9; 6-phosphofructokinase
K28615 adh; alcohol / (R,R)-butanediol / aldehyde dehydrogenase
Compound C00118 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C00236 3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate
C00354 D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
C00668 alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01159 2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate
C01172 beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C05125 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate
C15972 Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine
C15973 Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine
C16255 [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
Reference Authors Nishizuka Y (ed).
Title [Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
Journal Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980)
Reference Authors Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
Title [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
Journal Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference Authors Michal G.
Title Biochemical Pathways
Journal Wiley (1999)
Related ko00500 Starch and sucrose metabolism
ko00710 Carbon fixation by Calvin cycle
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