Entry |
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Name |
Measles - Mus musculus (mouse)
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Description |
Measles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. MV infection is characterized by virus-induced immune suppression that can lead to increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial and viral infections. The P, V and C proteins act as virulence factors to suppress innate immune response in host by inhibiting signaling for both type I IFN induction and JAK/STAT-mediated interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction. Moreover, H protein expressed on viral particles and binding to SLAM or CD46, as well as N protein liberated from infected cells and interacting with Fc-gamma R, causes an inhibition of IL-12 synthesis in dendritic cells. IL-12 is a key cytokine inducing cellular immune responses to protect host from the harm caused by pathogenic infections.
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Class |
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
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Pathway map |

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Organism |
Mus musculus (mouse) [GN: mmu]
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Gene |
17221 | Cd46; CD46 antigen, complement regulatory protein [KO:K04007] |
27218 | Slamf1; signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 [KO:K06536] |
228607 | Mavs; mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein [KO:K12648] |
22031 | Traf3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 [KO:K03174] |
16151 | Ikbkg; inhibitor of kappaB kinase gamma [KO:K07210] |
18036 | Nfkbib; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, beta [KO:K02581] |
18035 | Nfkbia; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha [KO:K04734] |
18033 | Nfkb1; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 [KO:K02580] |
19697 | Rela; v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) [KO:K04735] |
17874 | Myd88; myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 [KO:K04729] |
13001 | Csnk2b; casein kinase 2, beta polypeptide [KO:K03115] |
68652 | Tab2; TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2 [KO:K04404] |
15975 | Ifnar1; interferon (alpha and beta) receptor 1 [KO:K05130] |
15976 | Ifnar2; interferon (alpha and beta) receptor 2 [KO:K05131] |
14694 | Rack1; receptor for activated C kinase 1 [KO:K14753] |
20846 | Stat1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 [KO:K11220] |
20847 | Stat2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221] |
15467 | Eif2ak1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 1 [KO:K16194] [EC:2.7.11.1] |
19106 | Eif2ak2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1] |
13666 | Eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1] |
27103 | Eif2ak4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1] |
56382 | Rab9; RAB9, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07899] |
68135 | Eif3h; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit H [KO:K03247] |
13665 | Eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha [KO:K03237] |
22059 | Trp53; transformation related protein 53 [KO:K04451] |
22062 | Trp73; transformation related protein 73 [KO:K10148] |
14103 | Fasl; Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) [KO:K04389] |
14102 | Fas; Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) [KO:K04390] |
71609 | Tradd; TNFRSF1A-associated via death domain [KO:K03171] |
14082 | Fadd; Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain [KO:K02373] |
12122 | Bid; BH3 interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726] |
12015 | Bad; BCL2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158] |
11783 | Apaf1; apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 [KO:K02084] |
12576 | Cdkn1b; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624] |
12501 | Cd3e; CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide [KO:K06451] |
16184 | Il2ra; interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain [KO:K05068] |
16185 | Il2rb; interleukin 2 receptor, beta chain [KO:K05069] |
16186 | Il2rg; interleukin 2 receptor, gamma chain [KO:K05070] |
18709 | Pik3r2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649] |
18708 | Pik3r1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649] |
18710 | Pik3r3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649] |
18706 | Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153] |
18707 | Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153] |
74769 | Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153] |
20848 | Stat3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [KO:K04692] |
20850 | Stat5a; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A [KO:K11223] |
20851 | Stat5b; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B [KO:K11224] |
14130 | Fcgr2b; Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity IIb [KO:K12560] |
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Compound |
C05981 | Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Schneider-Schaulies S, Schneider-Schaulies J |
Title |
Measles virus-induced immunosuppression. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Hahm B |
Title |
Hostile communication of measles virus with host innate immunity and dendritic cells. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Gerlier D, Valentin H |
Title |
Measles virus interaction with host cells and impact on innate immunity. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Schneider-Schaulies S, Dittmer U |
Title |
Silencing T cells or T-cell silencing: concepts in virus-induced immunosuppression. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Avota E, Gassert E, Schneider-Schaulies S |
Title |
Cytoskeletal dynamics: concepts in measles virus replication and immunomodulation. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Jiang Y, Qin Y, Chen M |
Title |
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Measles Virus Replication and Anti-Viral Immunity. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Pfaller CK, Conzelmann KK |
Title |
Measles virus V protein is a decoy substrate for IkappaB kinase alpha and prevents Toll-like receptor 7/9-mediated interferon induction. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Yokota S, Okabayashi T, Yokosawa N, Fujii N |
Title |
Measles virus P protein suppresses Toll-like receptor signal through up-regulation of ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Delpeut S, Noyce RS, Siu RW, Richardson CD |
Title |
Host factors and measles virus replication. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Shah M, Anwar MA, Kim JH, Choi S |
Title |
Advances in Antiviral Therapies Targeting Toll-like Receptors. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Yokota S, Saito H, Kubota T, Yokosawa N, Amano K, Fujii N |
Title |
Measles virus suppresses interferon-alpha signaling pathway: suppression of Jak1 phosphorylation and association of viral accessory proteins, C and V, with interferon-alpha receptor complex. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Takeuchi K, Kadota SI, Takeda M, Miyajima N, Nagata K |
Title |
Measles virus V protein blocks interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta but not IFN-gamma signaling by inhibiting STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Palosaari H, Parisien JP, Rodriguez JJ, Ulane CM, Horvath CM |
Title |
STAT protein interference and suppression of cytokine signal transduction by measles virus V protein. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Shaffer JA, Bellini WJ, Rota PA |
Title |
The C protein of measles virus inhibits the type I interferon response. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Carsillo T, Traylor Z, Choi C, Niewiesk S, Oglesbee M |
Title |
hsp72, a host determinant of measles virus neurovirulence. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Zhang X, Bourhis JM, Longhi S, Carsillo T, Buccellato M, Morin B, Canard B, Oglesbee M |
Title |
Hsp72 recognizes a P binding motif in the measles virus N protein C-terminus. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Ke Z, Strauss JD, Hampton CM, Brindley MA, Dillard RS, Leon F, Lamb KM, Plemper RK, Wright ER |
Title |
Promotion of virus assembly and organization by the measles virus matrix protein. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Pfaller CK, Radeke MJ, Cattaneo R, Samuel CE |
Title |
Measles virus C protein impairs production of defective copyback double-stranded viral RNA and activation of protein kinase R. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Sato H, Masuda M, Kanai M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yoneda M, Kai C |
Title |
Measles virus N protein inhibits host translation by binding to eIF3-p40. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Sion-Vardy N, Lasarov I, Delgado B, Gopas J, Benharroch D, Ariad S |
Title |
Measles virus: evidence for association with lung cancer. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Chen M, Cortay JC, Logan IR, Sapountzi V, Robson CN, Gerlier D |
Title |
Inhibition of ubiquitination and stabilization of human ubiquitin E3 ligase PIRH2 by measles virus phosphoprotein. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Cruz CD, Palosaari H, Parisien JP, Devaux P, Cattaneo R, Ouchi T, Horvath CM |
Title |
Measles virus V protein inhibits p53 family member p73. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Servet-Delprat C, Vidalain PO, Azocar O, Le Deist F, Fischer A, Rabourdin-Combe C |
Title |
Consequences of Fas-mediated human dendritic cell apoptosis induced by measles virus. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Kushwah R, Hu J |
Title |
Dendritic cell apoptosis: regulation of tolerance versus immunity. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Vidalain PO, Azocar O, Lamouille B, Astier A, Rabourdin-Combe C, Servet-Delprat C |
Title |
Measles virus induces functional TRAIL production by human dendritic cells. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Vidalain PO, Azocar O, Rabourdin-Combe C, Servet-Delprat C |
Title |
Measle virus-infected dendritic cells develop immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Engelking O, Fedorov LM, Lilischkis R, ter Meulen V, Schneider-Schaulies S |
Title |
Measles virus-induced immunosuppression in vitro is associated with deregulation of G1 cell cycle control proteins. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R |
Title |
Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Griffin DE |
Title |
Measles virus-induced suppression of immune responses. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Avota E, Avots A, Niewiesk S, Kane LP, Bommhardt U, ter Meulen V, Schneider-Schaulies S |
Title |
Disruption of Akt kinase activation is important for immunosuppression induced by measles virus. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Avota E, Muller N, Klett M, Schneider-Schaulies S |
Title |
Measles virus interacts with and alters signal transduction in T-cell lipid rafts. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Yanagi Y, Takeda M, Ohno S |
Title |
Measles virus: cellular receptors, tropism and pathogenesis. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Kerdiles YM, Sellin CI, Druelle J, Horvat B |
Title |
Immunosuppression caused by measles virus: role of viral proteins. |
Journal |
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Related pathway |
mmu04620 | Toll-like receptor signaling pathway |
mmu04622 | RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway |
mmu04658 | Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation |
mmu04660 | T cell receptor signaling pathway |
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KO pathway |
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