KEGG   PATHWAY: bta04014
Entry
bta04014                    Pathway                                
Name
Ras signaling pathway - Bos taurus (cow)
Description
The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins transduce signals from extracellular growth factors by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activated RAS (RAS-GTP) regulates multiple cellular functions through effectors including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine nucleotide-dissociation stimulator (RALGDS).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
bta04014  Ras signaling pathway
bta04014

Other DBs
GO: 0032318
Organism
Bos taurus (cow) [GN:bta]
Gene
100125276  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
100137872  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100138040  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
100138565  KSR1; kinase suppressor of Ras 1 isoform X3 [KO:K14958]
100294979  ARF6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
100297344  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
100298939  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform 1 [KO:K02833]
100300257  FGF17; fibroblast growth factor 17 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
100300510  [KO:K10785]
100300850  [KO:K10784]
100336579  GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
100336631  [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
100337091  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100337447  PLA2G12B; group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100847184  [KO:K02833]
101905399  [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
104968964  [KO:K04542]
104973792  [KO:K02183]
112443425  [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
280829  INS; insulin preproprotein [KO:K04526]
280832  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit precursor [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
280855  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor precursor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
280877  NF1; neurofibromin isoform 1 [KO:K08052]
280894  PGF; placenta growth factor precursor [KO:K16859]
280939  TEK; angiopoietin-1 receptor precursor [KO:K05121] [EC:2.7.10.1]
280991  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
281073  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
281094  CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 precursor [KO:K05453]
281148  ETS2; protein C-ets-2 [KO:K21932]
281160  FGF1; fibroblast growth factor 1 [KO:K18496]
281161  FGF2; fibroblast growth factor 2 precursor [KO:K18497]
281201  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
281202  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
281203  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
281204  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
281239  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I preproprotein [KO:K05459]
281240  IGF2; insulin-like growth factor II preproprotein [KO:K13769]
281350  NGF; beta-nerve growth factor precursor [KO:K02582]
281440  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392]
281572  VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform 3 precursor [KO:K05448]
281768  FGFR1; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 precursor [KO:K04362] [EC:2.7.10.1]
281769  FGFR3; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 precursor [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
281796  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
281797  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
281848  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor precursor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
281854  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
281855  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
281885  KITLG; kit ligand precursor [KO:K05461]
281987  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
282001  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282002  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282031  RAP1A; ras-related protein Rap-1A [KO:K04353]
282032  RASA1; ras GTPase-activating protein 1 [KO:K04352]
282121  VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B precursor [KO:K16858]
282122  VEGFC; vascular endothelial growth factor C precursor [KO:K05449]
282140  ANGPT1; angiopoietin-1 precursor [KO:K05465]
282141  ANGPT2; angiopoietin-2 precursor [KO:K05466]
282152  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
282233  FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand precursor [KO:K05454]
282301  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha precursor [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
282306  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
282307  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
282308  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
282322  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282323  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282325  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282457  PLA2G1B; phospholipase A2 preproprotein [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
282532  RASA3; ras GTPase-activating protein 3 [KO:K12380]
282879  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor precursor [KO:K05460]
286799  VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D precursor [KO:K05449]
286850  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
286865  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
287018  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
317696  FGFR4; fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 precursor [KO:K05095] [EC:2.7.10.1]
326284  FGF8; fibroblast growth factor 8 precursor [KO:K04358]
326285  FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 precursor [KO:K04358]
326597  CALM; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
327671  RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
327672  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
327708  RAP1B; ras-related protein Rap-1b [KO:K07836]
338031  FLT4; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05097] [EC:2.7.10.1]
338049  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
353110  NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 precursor [KO:K02583]
353111  NTRK1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
404193  FGFR2; fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 [KO:K05093] [EC:2.7.10.1]
407111  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
407170  KDR; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 precursor [KO:K05098] [EC:2.7.10.1]
407217  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
408017  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
494318  PLA2G2D1; calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 PLA2G2D1 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
503620  FLT1; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05096] [EC:2.7.10.1]
503625  PLA2G2D4; calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 PLA2G2D4 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
504334  RGL2; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 [KO:K17636]
504509  ZAP70; tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-70 [KO:K07360] [EC:2.7.10.2]
504531  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
504856  AFDN; afadin isoform X6 [KO:K05702]
504978  PLA2G2C; putative inactive group IIC secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
505238  RALB; ras-related protein Ral-B [KO:K07835]
505485  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
505824  NTRK2; BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor precursor [KO:K04360] [EC:2.7.10.1]
505908  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A precursor [KO:K04359]
506243  PLA2G2E; group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
506322  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
506660  NTF4; neurotrophin-4 precursor [KO:K12457]
506802  PLA2G16; group XVI phospholipase A2 [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
507082  RALGAPA2; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K25768]
507196  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform b [KO:K06279]
507201  PLA2G2A; phospholipase A2, membrane associated precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
507319  EFNA1; ephrin-A1 precursor [KO:K05462]
508233  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
509135  REL; proto-oncogene c-Rel [KO:K09254]
509295  RIN1; ras and Rab interactor 1 [KO:K17638]
509418  CSF1R; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor precursor [KO:K05090] [EC:2.7.10.1]
509513  [KO:K10785]
510276  RASSF1; ras association domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K09850]
510434  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
511417  SHOC2; leucine-rich repeat protein SHOC-2 [KO:K19613]
511812  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
511845  ABL2; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2 [KO:K08887] [EC:2.7.10.2]
512056  RASGRP2; RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2 [KO:K12361]
512696  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 isoform X3 [KO:K17448]
512700  FLT3; receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 isoform X1 [KO:K05092] [EC:2.7.10.1]
512798  EPHA2; ephrin type-A receptor 2 precursor [KO:K05103] [EC:2.7.10.1]
512872  RASAL1; rasGAP-activating-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17632]
513340  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
513431  EXOC2; exocyst complex component 2 [KO:K17637]
513432  PAK5; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 7 [KO:K05736] [EC:2.7.11.1]
513673  PAK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2 [KO:K04410] [EC:2.7.11.1]
513723  RALGDS; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator [KO:K08732]
514554  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
514735  LAT; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 precursor [KO:K07362]
514886  STK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 [KO:K04411]
515900  PLA1A; phospholipase A1 member A precursor [KO:K13618] [EC:3.1.1.111]
517006  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
517948  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
518844  BRAP; BRCA1-associated protein [KO:K10632] [EC:2.3.2.27]
519037  PLCE1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 [KO:K05860] [EC:3.1.4.11]
519269  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
519566  RAPGEF5; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08019]
519657  FGF22; fibroblast growth factor 22 precursor [KO:K04358]
520039  RASGRF1; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 [KO:K04349]
520277  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
520404  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
521196  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
521224  RASA4B; ras GTPase-activating protein 4B isoform X1 [KO:K17630]
521383  PLA2G2A; phospholipase A2, membrane associated precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
521475  FGF19; fibroblast growth factor 19 [KO:K22603]
522159  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
522344  RGL1; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1 [KO:K17635]
522866  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
523324  RALBP1; ralA-binding protein 1 [KO:K08773]
523745  RASGRP3; ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 [KO:K12362]
524212  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
524734  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
524957  RASGRF2; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12326]
525072  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
525931  PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D [KO:K05450]
525962  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
526364  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
526769  [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
527165  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta precursor [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
527214  PLA2G12A; group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
527631  PLA2G3; group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
529346  GAB2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K08091]
529375  RASGRP4; RAS guanyl-releasing protein 4 [KO:K12363]
529425  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
530239  FGF23; fibroblast growth factor 23 [KO:K22428]
530315  EGF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]
531209  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
531391  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
532393  NTF3; neurotrophin-3 precursor [KO:K04356]
532712  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog [KO:K04393]
533125  RASGRP1; RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1 [KO:K04350]
533141  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
533199  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
533455  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
533491  RASA2; ras GTPase-activating protein 2 [KO:K08053]
533590  PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform X3 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
533729  PAK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 [KO:K04409] [EC:2.7.11.1]
533929  FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 precursor [KO:K04358]
534125  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
534526  PAK3; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3 [KO:K05733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
534923  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
535298  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
535365  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
535381  PLA2G6; 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K16343] [EC:3.1.1.4]
536517  TIAM1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 isoform X1 [KO:K05731]
536771  FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 precursor [KO:K04358]
537631  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform 2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
537682  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
537804  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B precursor [KO:K05210]
538477  RALA; ras-related protein Ral-A [KO:K07834]
538510  HTR7; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04163]
539083  FGF20; fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
539150  RAB5B; ras-related protein Rab-5B [KO:K07888]
539224  PAK6; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 6 [KO:K05735] [EC:2.7.11.1]
539277  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
539742  PAK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 [KO:K05734] [EC:2.7.11.1]
539764  RAB5A; ras-related protein Rab-5A [KO:K07887]
539767  RASSF5; ras association domain-containing protein 5 [KO:K08015]
539941  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
540027  RASAL3; RAS protein activator like-3 [KO:K17634]
540085  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 [KO:K09593]
540106  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B precursor [KO:K17386]
540313  ETS1; protein C-ets-1 [KO:K02678]
540317  FGF6; fibroblast growth factor 6 [KO:K04358]
540388  TGFA; protransforming growth factor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08774]
540692  RASAL2; ras GTPase-activating protein nGAP isoform X6 [KO:K17633]
540758  FGF16; fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
540776  EFNA3; ephrin-A3 precursor [KO:K05462]
540803  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
540876  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
541140  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
541294  PLA2G2F; group IIF secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
613731  FGF9; fibroblast growth factor 9 [KO:K04358]
613749  RAB5C; ras-related protein Rab-5C [KO:K07889]
613787  PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
613930  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
613966  [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
614402  [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
614453  EFNA2; ephrin-A2 precursor [KO:K05462]
614911  PLA2G5; phospholipase A2 group V precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
615013  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
615045  [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
615879  EFNA4; ephrin-A4 precursor [KO:K05462]
616115  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]
616503  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
616742  EFNA5; ephrin-A5 precursor [KO:K05462]
616885  FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 precursor [KO:K04358]
617095  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
617325  KSR2; kinase suppressor of Ras 2 [KO:K18529] [EC:2.7.11.1]
617412  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
617701  BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor [KO:K04355]
617915  ANGPT4; angiopoietin-4 precursor [KO:K05467]
618367  [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
618399  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
618470  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
618474  FGF4; fibroblast growth factor 4 precursor [KO:K04358]
618481  FGF3; fibroblast growth factor 3 [KO:K04358]
618573  RALGAPA1; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 isoform X6 [KO:K25768]
618793  FOXO4; forkhead box protein O4 [KO:K12358]
619066  RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 [KO:K07861]
785576  FGF21; fibroblast growth factor 21 [KO:K22429]
786886  ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 [KO:K04375]
787596  RALGAPB; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta isoform X3 [KO:K25769]
789148  [KO:K07836]
790307  SYNGAP1; ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAP [KO:K17631]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:18568040
  Authors
Karnoub AE, Weinberg RA
  Title
Ras oncogenes: split personalities.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:517-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2438
Reference
PMID:12778136
  Authors
Malumbres M, Barbacid M
  Title
RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 3:459-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1097
Reference
PMID:21686117
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
Ras history: The saga continues.
  Journal
Small GTPases 1:2-27 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/sgtp.1.1.12178
Reference
PMID:12642680
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
Ras family signaling: therapeutic targeting.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 1:599-606 (2002)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.306
Reference
PMID:17428555
  Authors
Rajalingam K, Schreck R, Rapp UR, Albert S
  Title
Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1773:1177-95 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.01.012
Reference
PMID:17384584
  Authors
Schubbert S, Shannon K, Bollag G
  Title
Hyperactive Ras in developmental disorders and cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 7:295-308 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2109
Reference
PMID:22233291
  Authors
Poulogiannis G, Luo F, Arends MJ
  Title
RAS signalling in the colorectum in health and disease.
  Journal
Cell Commun Adhes 19:1-9 (2012)
DOI:10.3109/15419061.2011.649380
Reference
PMID:22020205
  Authors
Berndt N, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM
  Title
Targeting protein prenylation for cancer therapy.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 11:775-91 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3151
Reference
PMID:21196257
  Authors
Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA
  Title
Death pathways triggered by activated Ras in cancer cells.
  Journal
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16:1693-713 (2011)
DOI:10.2741/3814
Reference
PMID:16869784
  Authors
Rodriguez-Viciana P, Tetsu O, Oda K, Okada J, Rauen K, McCormick F
  Title
Cancer targets in the Ras pathway.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 70:461-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1101/sqb.2005.70.044
Reference
PMID:14663478
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
The dark side of Ras: regulation of apoptosis.
  Journal
Oncogene 22:8999-9006 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1207111
Reference
PMID:18413813
  Authors
Braun BS, Shannon K
  Title
Targeting Ras in myeloid leukemias.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 14:2249-52 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1005
Reference
PMID:20420946
  Authors
Pino MS, Chung DC
  Title
The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 138:2059-72 (2010)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.065
Reference
PMID:12217381
  Authors
Schrader JW, Schallhorn A, Grill B, Guo X
  Title
Activation of small GTPases of the Ras and Rho family by growth factors active on mast cells.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1181-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00060-3
Reference
PMID:22189424
  Authors
Ahearn IM, Haigis K, Bar-Sagi D, Philips MR
  Title
Regulating the regulator: post-translational modification of RAS.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:39-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3255
Reference
PMID:11313946
  Authors
Ehrhardt GR, Korherr C, Wieler JS, Knaus M, Schrader JW
  Title
A novel potential effector of M-Ras and p21 Ras negatively regulates p21 Ras-mediated gene induction and cell growth.
  Journal
Oncogene 20:188-97 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1204053
Reference
PMID:16966426
  Authors
Goldfinger LE, Ptak C, Jeffery ED, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Ginsberg MH
  Title
RLIP76 (RalBP1) is an R-Ras effector that mediates adhesion-dependent Rac activation and cell migration.
  Journal
J Cell Biol 174:877-88 (2006)
DOI:10.1083/jcb.200603111
Reference
PMID:23506953
  Authors
Kortum RL, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE
  Title
Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in thymocytes and T cells.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 34:259-68 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2013.02.004
Reference
PMID:15572660
  Authors
Roberts DM, Anderson AL, Hidaka M, Swetenburg RL, Patterson C, Stanford WL, Bautch VL
  Title
A vascular gene trap screen defines RasGRP3 as an angiogenesis-regulated gene required for the endothelial response to phorbol esters.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 24:10515-28 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.24.24.10515-10528.2004
Reference
PMID:10712923
  Authors
Reuther GW, Der CJ
  Title
The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don't fall far from the tree.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 12:157-65 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0955-0674(99)00071-X
Reference
PMID:21111786
  Authors
Fernandez-Medarde A, Santos E
  Title
The RasGrf family of mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1815:170-88 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.11.001
Reference
PMID:18437264
  Authors
Iwashita S, Song SY
  Title
RasGAPs: a crucial regulator of extracellular stimuli for homeostasis of cellular functions.
  Journal
Mol Biosyst 4:213-22 (2008)
DOI:10.1039/b716357f
Reference
PMID:15062121
  Authors
Ory S, Morrison DK
  Title
Signal transduction: implications for Ras-dependent ERK signaling.
  Journal
Curr Biol 14:R277-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.023
Reference
PMID:19091743
  Authors
Matheny SA, White MA
  Title
Signaling threshold regulation by the Ras effector IMP.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 284:11007-11 (2009)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R800082200
Reference
PMID:20602996
  Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
  Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
  Journal
Cell 141:1117-34 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.011
Reference
PMID:22367796
  Authors
Skaper SD
  Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
  Journal
Methods Mol Biol 846:1-12 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_1
Reference
PMID:34074494
  Authors
Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A
  Title
The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond.
  Journal
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 361:21-105 (2021)
DOI:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.005
Related
pathway
bta04010  MAPK signaling pathway
bta04015  Rap1 signaling pathway
bta04020  Calcium signaling pathway
bta04144  Endocytosis
bta04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
bta04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
bta04720  Long-term potentiation
bta04810  Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
ko04014   

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