Entry
Name
Ras signaling pathway - Bos taurus (cow)
Description
The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins transduce signals from extracellular growth factors by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activated RAS (RAS-GTP) regulates multiple cellular functions through effectors including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine nucleotide-dissociation stimulator (RALGDS).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Bos taurus (cow) [GN:
bta ]
Gene
100125276 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
100336579 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
281094 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 precursor [KO:K05453 ]
281161 FGF2; fibroblast growth factor 2 precursor [KO:K18497 ]
281201 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
281202 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
281203 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
281204 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
281239 IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I preproprotein [KO:K05459 ]
281240 IGF2; insulin-like growth factor II preproprotein [KO:K13769 ]
281440 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392 ]
281572 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform 3 precursor [KO:K05448 ]
281796 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
281797 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
281987 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
282121 VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B precursor [KO:K16858 ]
282122 VEGFC; vascular endothelial growth factor C precursor [KO:K05449 ]
282233 FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand precursor [KO:K05454 ]
282306 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
282307 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
282308 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
286799 VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D precursor [KO:K05449 ]
286850 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
286865 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
287018 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
326284 FGF8; fibroblast growth factor 8 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
326285 FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
327671 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860 ]
353110 NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 precursor [KO:K02583 ]
407111 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
494318 PLA2G2D1; calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 PLA2G2D1 precursor [KO:K01047 ] [EC:3.1.1.4 ]
503625 PLA2G2D4; calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 PLA2G2D4 precursor [KO:K01047 ] [EC:3.1.1.4 ]
504334 RGL2; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 [KO:K17636 ]
504531 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
504978 PLA2G2C; putative inactive group IIC secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047 ] [EC:3.1.1.4 ]
505908 PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A precursor [KO:K04359 ]
507082 RALGAPA2; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K25768 ]
507196 SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform b [KO:K06279 ]
510276 RASSF1; ras association domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K09850 ]
511417 SHOC2; leucine-rich repeat protein SHOC-2 [KO:K19613 ]
511812 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
512696 SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 isoform X3 [KO:K17448 ]
512872 RASAL1; rasGAP-activating-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17632 ]
513340 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
513723 RALGDS; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator [KO:K08732 ]
514735 LAT; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 precursor [KO:K07362 ]
517006 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
517948 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
519037 PLCE1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
519566 RAPGEF5; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08019 ]
519657 FGF22; fibroblast growth factor 22 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
520039 RASGRF1; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 [KO:K04349 ]
521224 RASA4B; ras GTPase-activating protein 4B isoform X1 [KO:K17630 ]
522344 RGL1; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1 [KO:K17635 ]
524212 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209 ]
524957 RASGRF2; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12326 ]
525962 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
529346 GAB2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K08091 ]
529425 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
530315 EGF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357 ]
532712 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog [KO:K04393 ]
533590 PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform X3 [KO:K07293 ] [EC:3.1.3.48 ]
533929 FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
535298 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364 ]
535365 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
535381 PLA2G6; 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K16343 ] [EC:3.1.1.4 ]
536517 TIAM1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 isoform X1 [KO:K05731 ]
536771 FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
537682 SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099 ]
537804 GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B precursor [KO:K05210 ]
538510 HTR7; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04163 ]
539767 RASSF5; ras association domain-containing protein 5 [KO:K08015 ]
540106 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B precursor [KO:K17386 ]
540388 TGFA; protransforming growth factor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08774 ]
540692 RASAL2; ras GTPase-activating protein nGAP isoform X6 [KO:K17633 ]
613787 PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C isoform X1 [KO:K05450 ]
613930 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
615013 BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158 ]
616115 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580 ]
616885 FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
617412 CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183 ]
617701 BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor [KO:K04355 ]
618399 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
618470 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
618474 FGF4; fibroblast growth factor 4 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
618573 RALGAPA1; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 isoform X6 [KO:K25768 ]
619066 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 [KO:K07861 ]
786886 ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 [KO:K04375 ]
787596 RALGAPB; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta isoform X3 [KO:K25769 ]
790307 SYNGAP1; ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAP [KO:K17631 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Karnoub AE, Weinberg RA
Title
Ras oncogenes: split personalities.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Malumbres M, Barbacid M
Title
RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
Title
Ras history: The saga continues.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
Title
Ras family signaling: therapeutic targeting.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rajalingam K, Schreck R, Rapp UR, Albert S
Title
Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schubbert S, Shannon K, Bollag G
Title
Hyperactive Ras in developmental disorders and cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Poulogiannis G, Luo F, Arends MJ
Title
RAS signalling in the colorectum in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berndt N, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM
Title
Targeting protein prenylation for cancer therapy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA
Title
Death pathways triggered by activated Ras in cancer cells.
Journal
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16:1693-713 (2011)
DOI:
10.2741/3814
Reference
Authors
Rodriguez-Viciana P, Tetsu O, Oda K, Okada J, Rauen K, McCormick F
Title
Cancer targets in the Ras pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
Title
The dark side of Ras: regulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Braun BS, Shannon K
Title
Targeting Ras in myeloid leukemias.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pino MS, Chung DC
Title
The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schrader JW, Schallhorn A, Grill B, Guo X
Title
Activation of small GTPases of the Ras and Rho family by growth factors active on mast cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ahearn IM, Haigis K, Bar-Sagi D, Philips MR
Title
Regulating the regulator: post-translational modification of RAS.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ehrhardt GR, Korherr C, Wieler JS, Knaus M, Schrader JW
Title
A novel potential effector of M-Ras and p21 Ras negatively regulates p21 Ras-mediated gene induction and cell growth.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goldfinger LE, Ptak C, Jeffery ED, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Ginsberg MH
Title
RLIP76 (RalBP1) is an R-Ras effector that mediates adhesion-dependent Rac activation and cell migration.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kortum RL, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE
Title
Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in thymocytes and T cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roberts DM, Anderson AL, Hidaka M, Swetenburg RL, Patterson C, Stanford WL, Bautch VL
Title
A vascular gene trap screen defines RasGRP3 as an angiogenesis-regulated gene required for the endothelial response to phorbol esters.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Reuther GW, Der CJ
Title
The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don't fall far from the tree.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fernandez-Medarde A, Santos E
Title
The RasGrf family of mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Iwashita S, Song SY
Title
RasGAPs: a crucial regulator of extracellular stimuli for homeostasis of cellular functions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ory S, Morrison DK
Title
Signal transduction: implications for Ras-dependent ERK signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Matheny SA, White MA
Title
Signaling threshold regulation by the Ras effector IMP.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A
Title
The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond.
Journal
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